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Vitamin A appears to actively regulate the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), essential for the development, survival, and regeneration of peripheral neurons. Vitamin D exhibits immunomodulatory effects, reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhances neuroplasticity. Similarly, vitamin E, through its potent antioxidant action, minimises damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible for demyelinating lesions. Vitamin supplementation studies have shown a potential symptom improvement or reversal. These findings underline the necessity for early detection and correction of vitamin deficiencies as an integral component of a comprehensive strategy for the prevention and management of DPN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346251415253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:59:13Z","timestamp":1771610353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Vitamins A, D, and E in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0212-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melina","family":"Ntoga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iliana","family":"Stamatiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaliopi","family":"Kotsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilios","family":"Liakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7320-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346241240513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48048\/tis.2025.9421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/10026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.10.9.8801178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-536-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490260217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1990.tb00984.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(02)50083-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20000615)60:6<767::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2001-3-401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R100015-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(87)90397-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2008.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2005.01467.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.56.1458.650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(83)90145-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.15.2.190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1365S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520470057032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1189-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.12.2172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00376-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.11.1915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roldi LP Pereira RVF Tronchini EA et al. 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