{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:16:40Z","timestamp":1792718200628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Integr Cancer Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Silymarin, the active extract from milk thistle, has been extensively used in patients with liver disease of different etiology. Although silymarin is a complex of 7 flavonolignans and polyphenols, silibinin is usually regarded as the most active component. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that silymarin and silibinin protect the liver from oxidative stress and sustained inflammatory processes, mainly driven by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and secondary cytokines. Oxidative stress and inflammation are also involved in cellular damage of many other tissues and their role in the development and toxic reactions in patients receiving cancer therapies is established. The protective effects of silymarin and silibinin, demonstrated in various tissues, suggest a clinical application in cancer patients as an adjunct to established therapies, to prevent or reduce their toxicity. Here we discuss the possible mechanism of the protective action of silymarin and silibinin, focusing on cancer therapies as agents causing cellular damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407302349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,4]],"date-time":"2007-06-04T16:33:45Z","timestamp":1180974825000},"page":"120-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Toward the Definition of the Mechanism of Action of Silymarin: Activities Related to Cellular Protection From Toxic Damage Induced by Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Comelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Madaus srl, Padova, Italy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mengs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madaus GmbH, K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madaus GmbH, K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Prosdocimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madaus srl, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161140-00003"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00262.x"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"1285","volume":"72","author":"Rainone F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601560"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.182"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdi110"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.07.007"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-4662"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"345","volume":"7","author":"Singh RP","year":"2006","journal-title":"Targets"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00406-X"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.06.048"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.02.009"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"493","volume":"11","author":"Tyagi AK","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.811"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(96)00011-1"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6800","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.12.6800","volume":"161","author":"Manna SK","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.12.009"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206779010503"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.04.019"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00134-8"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"863","volume":"131","author":"Muezes G.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Orvosi Hetilap"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2005.11.002"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2006.04.011"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.04.041"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052270"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.07.064"},{"key":"atypb27","first-page":"411","volume":"9","author":"Ladas EJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"atypb28","series-title":"Society for Integrative Oncology 3rd International Conference","volume-title":"Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is associated with reductions in liver function tests (LFTs)","author":"Ladas EJ","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"340","volume":"78","author":"Invernizzi R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.03.033"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20223"},{"key":"atypb32","first-page":"325","volume":"5","author":"Dobrovolskaia MA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Targets"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.302.1.138"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.2.5.452"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.2.5.536"},{"key":"atypb36","first-page":"81","volume":"13","author":"Yoo HG","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Molec Med."},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.07.021"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/23.3.499"},{"key":"atypb39","first-page":"3063","volume":"62","author":"Singh RP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-2724"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707779941159"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00256-7"},{"key":"atypb43","first-page":"656","volume":"39","author":"Mansour HH","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Biol."},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(99)00052-1"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.12.023"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2002.0990"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00063.x"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00239-3"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092906"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.04.004"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2005.06.002"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02290.x"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.04.004"},{"key":"atypb54","first-page":"622","volume":"59","author":"Lahiri-Chatterjee M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1632"},{"key":"atypb56","first-page":"3063","volume":"62","author":"Singh RP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-1435"},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj231"},{"key":"atypb59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10625"},{"key":"atypb60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi089"},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03190223"}],"container-title":["Integrative Cancer Therapies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1534735407302349","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1534735407302349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:18:45Z","timestamp":1777454325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1534735407302349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1534735407302349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534735407302349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-7354","1552-695X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-7354","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-695X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}