{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:26:11Z","timestamp":1777695971108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Integr Cancer Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the early 20th century, advocacy of the enzyme therapy of cancer was primarily the work of one man, John Beard, DSc (1858-1924). He and his collaborators made a determined effort to establish this mode of therapy, especially in the years 1905 to 1911. Despite a brief flowering of international interest, Beard's efforts came to naught. During the 20th century, there was a succession of American researchers who continued to investigate this topic. This included Marshall William McDuffie, MD (1882-1945), Frank LeForest Morse, MD (1876-1953), Franklin Lloyd Shively, MD (1887-1971), and William Donald Kelley (1926-2005). In central Europe, India, and other parts of the globe, the use of pancreatic enzymes as an adjuvant treatment for cancer has become a fairly routine practice, at least among those doctors who utilize complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). It is also a well-established method for reducing inflammation and mitigating the adverse effects of cytotoxic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735408326172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,30]],"date-time":"2008-12-30T07:59:00Z","timestamp":1230623940000},"page":"262-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Enzymes, Trophoblasts, and Cancer: The Afterlife of an Idea (1924-2008)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ralph W.","family":"Moss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Communications, Lemont, Pennsylvania,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"The Enzyme Treatment of Cancer and Its Scientific Basis","author":"Beard J.","year":"1911"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02969883"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"One Thousand American Men of Mark Today","author":"Anonymous.","year":"1916"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Obituaries. 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