{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:13:10Z","timestamp":1777695190818,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr Cancer Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black cohosh (BC) ( Cimicifuga racemosa) may prevent and treat breast cancer through anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study sought to evaluate the effect of BC on tumor cellular proliferation, measured by Ki67 expression, in a pre-operative window trial of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were treated pre-operatively for 2 to 6\u2009weeks with BC extract. Eligible subjects were those who had DCIS on core biopsy. Ki67 was measured using automated quantitative immunofluorescence (AQUA) pre\/post-operatively. Ki67, tumor volume, and hormone changes were assessed with 2-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, \u03b1\u2009=\u2009.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-one patients were treated for an average of 24.5\u2009days (median 25; range 15-36). Ki67 decreased non-significantly (n\u2009=\u200926; P\u2009=\u2009.20; median pre-treatment 1280, post-treatment 859; range pre-treatment 175-7438, post-treatment 162-3370). Tumor volume, estradiol, and FSH did not change significantly. No grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BC use showed no significant impact on cellular proliferation, tumor volume, or invasive disease upgrade rates in DCIS patients. It was well-tolerated, with no observed significant toxicities. Further study is needed to elucidate BC\u2019s role in breast cancer treatment and prevention. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01628536 https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01628536<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354221137290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T05:28:26Z","timestamp":1669699706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Black Cohosh on Ki67 expression and Tumor Volume: A Pilot Study of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9945-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia A.","family":"Trant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anees","family":"Chagpar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Neumeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Stavris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Lurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liva","family":"Andrejeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madhavi","family":"Raghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigid","family":"Killelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Lannin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elspeth","family":"Knill-Selby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Sturrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Hofstatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15347354221137290","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Key statistics for breast cancer. American Cancer Society. 2015. Accessed April 13, 2022. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/breast-cancer\/about\/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html"},{"key":"bibr2-15347354221137290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14694\/EdBook_AM.2015.35.e50"},{"key":"bibr3-15347354221137290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12418"},{"key":"bibr4-15347354221137290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.8077"},{"key":"bibr5-15347354221137290","unstructured":"National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. 2021. Accessed April 13, 2022. 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