{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:27:06Z","timestamp":1792520826316,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr Cancer Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and burdensome, often long-term side effect of cancer and its treatment. Many non-pharmacological treatments have been investigated as possible CRF therapies, including exercise, nutrition, health\/psycho-education, and mind-body therapies. However, studies directly comparing the efficacy of these treatments in randomized controlled trials are lacking. To fill this gap, we conducted a parallel single blind randomized controlled pilot efficacy trial with women with CRF to directly compare the effects of Qigong (a form of mind-body intervention) (n\u2009=\u200911) to an intervention that combined strength and aerobic exercise, plant-based nutrition and health\/psycho-education (n\u2009=\u200913) in a per protocol analysis. This design was chosen to determine the comparative efficacy of 2 non-pharmacologic interventions, with different physical demand intensities, in reducing the primary outcome measure of self-reported fatigue (FACIT \u201cAdditional Concerns\u201d subscale). Both interventions showed a mean fatigue improvement of more than double the pre-established minimal clinically important difference of 3 (qigong: 7.068\u2009\u00b1\u200910.30, exercise\/nutrition: 8.846\u2009\u00b1\u200912.001). Mixed effects ANOVA analysis of group\u2009\u00d7\u2009time interactions revealed a significant main effect of time, such that both groups significantly improved fatigue from pre- to post-treatment ( F(1,22)\u2009=\u200911.898, P\u2009=\u2009.002, generalized eta squared effect size\u2009=\u20090.116) There was no significant difference between fatigue improvement between groups (independent samples t-test: P\u2009=\u2009.70 ), suggesting a potential equivalence or non-inferiority of interventions, which we could not definitively establish due to our small sample size. This study provides evidence from a small sample of n\u2009=\u200924 women with CRF that qigong improves fatigue similarly to exercise-nutrition courses. Qigong additionally significantly improved secondary measures of mood, emotion regulation, and stress, while exercise\/nutrition significantly improved secondary measures of sleep\/fatigue. These findings provide preliminary evidence for divergent mechanisms of fatigue improvement across interventions, with qigong providing a gentler and lower-intensity alternative to exercise\/nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354231162584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T07:12:42Z","timestamp":1684480362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Comparing Effects of Qigong and Exercise\/Nutrition Training on Fatigue and Other Outcomes in Female Cancer Survivors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0532-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe S.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Miriam Hospital, Women\u2019s Medicine Collaborative Lifestyle Medicine, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Temereanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cooper","family":"Penner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Cannonier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Brown University, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Miriam Hospital, Women\u2019s Medicine Collaborative Lifestyle Medicine, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28434"},{"key":"bibr2-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.5-5-353"},{"key":"bibr3-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.127"},{"key":"bibr4-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-015-2815-5"},{"key":"bibr5-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.03.011"},{"key":"bibr6-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9124038"},{"key":"bibr7-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"bibr8-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4393-9"},{"key":"bibr9-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2565-9"},{"key":"bibr10-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2017.0037"},{"key":"bibr11-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01579"},{"key":"bibr12-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01502"},{"key":"bibr13-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.6914"},{"key":"bibr14-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2018.1513046"},{"key":"bibr15-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451800363X"},{"key":"bibr16-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.05.016"},{"key":"bibr17-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S150464"},{"key":"bibr18-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15114"},{"key":"bibr19-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9091003"},{"key":"bibr20-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735419855134"},{"key":"bibr21-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3233-z"},{"key":"bibr22-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-017-0665-5"},{"key":"bibr23-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-019-0786-2"},{"key":"bibr24-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-020-0707-5"},{"key":"bibr25-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092760"},{"key":"bibr26-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090278"},{"key":"bibr27-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-11-80"},{"key":"bibr28-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-020-05686-5"},{"key":"bibr29-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-019-05278-w"},{"key":"bibr30-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9980940"},{"key":"bibr31-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2019.109916"},{"key":"bibr32-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269519"},{"key":"bibr33-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4136-y"},{"key":"bibr34-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-014-9645-4"},{"key":"bibr35-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.2.230"},{"key":"bibr36-15347354231162584","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004650-200303000-00006"},{"key":"bibr37-15347354231162584","volume-title":"Chinese 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