{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:16:14Z","timestamp":1777695374804,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009950","name":"Ministry of Education, KSA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOE-BU-4-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE-BU-4-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr Cancer Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metastatic secondary ocular tumors spread from systemic malignancies, including breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of extracts from 5 medicinal plants native to Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For preliminary activity screening, cytotoxicity using the MTT assay and selectivity index determinations were made for medicinal plant extracts against various cancer cell-lines. The most promising extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine the phytochemical composition. Clonogenic assays were performed using the most promising extract to confirm the initial results. Finally, western blot analysis was used to determine the modulation in expression of survivin and P27 suppressor genes in the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell-line to understand the potential mechanistic properties of the active plant extract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 5 plant extracts showed various cytotoxic activity levels using IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The most active extract was found to be the leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) against the MCF7 breast cancer cell-line (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.61\u2009\u00b1\u20090.99\u2009\u03bcg\/ml) and selectivity index of 1.17 compared to the normal human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells. BEP-07 extract showed a dose dependent clonogenic effect against the MCF7 colonies which was comparable with the effect of doxorubicin. BEP-07 extract caused a significant decrease of survivin and increase in P27 expression compared to control GAPDH at its highest dose (14\u2009\u00b5g\/ml). The GC-MS chromatogram of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) revealed the existence of 145 compounds, belonging to the diverse classes of phytoconstituents. Fatty acids and their derivatives represent 15.4%, whilst octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester was the principal component (7.9%) detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect particularly against breast cancer cells. It exhibited this effect through survivin inhibition and via P27 upregulation. The detected phytoconstituents in the plant extract might be involved in tested cytotoxic activity, while further investigations are required to complete the drug candidate profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354241256649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T07:45:07Z","timestamp":1717141507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In-vitro Cytotoxicity Investigations for Phytoconstituents of Saudi Medicinal Plants With Putative Ocular Effects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4451-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Hendi","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimun A.E.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haidar","family":"Abdalgadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahadi","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asaad","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf N.","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Elzubier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riyad","family":"Adnan Almaimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bassem","family":"Refaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleh M.S.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheraz","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15347354241256649","author":"Zhang W","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pr Res"},{"key":"bibr2-15347354241256649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)92107-8"},{"key":"bibr3-15347354241256649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314653"},{"key":"bibr4-15347354241256649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.9"},{"key":"bibr5-15347354241256649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700619"},{"key":"bibr6-15347354241256649","first-page":"377","volume":"35","author":"Khandekar R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"bibr7-15347354241256649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S433118"},{"key":"bibr8-15347354241256649","first-page":"69","author":"Fabricant DS","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"bibr9-15347354241256649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a902202c"},{"key":"bibr10-15347354241256649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.102328"},{"key":"bibr11-15347354241256649","unstructured":"WFO. 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