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No effective approaches are available to treat this progressive condition. This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy for chronic lymphedema in HNC survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a pilot, randomized, wait-list controlled trial. Eligible HNC survivors included those with chronic lymphedema after completion of complete decongestive therapy. Participants were randomized (1:1) to 1 of 2 arms: intervention group (active) or wait-list control group (control). The active group received 12 PBM therapy sessions (twice a week for 6\u2009weeks). The control group completed the study assessments and was then offered the same dose of PBM therapy as the active group. Lymphedema and fibrosis (LEF), symptom burden, jaw range of motion, and neck range of motion were measured at baseline, end-of-intervention, 4-week, and 8-week post-intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2009five HNC survivors were randomized to the active group (n\u2009=\u200912) and the control group (n\u2009=\u200913). About 91.7% planned PBM treatment sessions were completed. No adverse events were reported. Compared to the control group, the active group demonstrated improvements at 8-week post-intervention in the severity of external LEF (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), symptom burden (eg, Soft Tissue and Neurologic Toxicity subscale, Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.47), and neck range of motion (eg, extension, Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.65).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PBM therapy may improve chronic lymphedema-associated outcomes. Future large randomized controlled trials are warranted to examine the efficacy of PBM therapy for HNC-related chronic lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354261439138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:39:42Z","timestamp":1777869582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photobiomodulation in Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer-Related Chronic Lymphedema: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2553-8822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John N.","family":"Lukens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"McMenamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Rajasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joy C.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Schlessinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy P.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan A.","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. 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