{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T09:04:44Z","timestamp":1779959084017,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017480","name":"Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU112-ASIA-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU112-ASIA-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BRD-111051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRD-111051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr Cancer Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Irinotecan (IRI), a clinically used anticancer drug, is effective against various solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, but its use is limited by side effects. Triptolide (TP), an alkaloid from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tripterygium wilfordii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has been used to treat malignancies in China, though its combined effects with IRI on colon cancer cells are not well-documented.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , human colon cancer HT-29 cells were treated with IRI, TP, or both combinations. Results showed that the combination of IRI and TP significantly decreased viable cell numbers more than IRI or TP alone. IRI combined with TP also led to higher Bax and lower Bcl-2 levels, as well as increased cleaved caspase-8, -9, and -3. These findings suggest that TP enhances apoptosis in HT-29 cells and may potentiate the anticancer effects of IRI by disrupting the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, which plays a crucial role in controlling tumor cell survival.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , HT-29 cell-xenograft nude mice were treated with IRI, TP, or both combinations for 30\u2009days. Tumor volume and body weight were measured every 2\u2009days, and liver and kidney functions (ALT, AST, CREA, GGT) were assessed. H&amp;E staining of tissues revealed no significant toxicity in the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, or small intestine, suggesting that the combination therapy does not induce major organ damage. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed that IRI combined with TP resulted in higher expression of cleaved-caspase-3, -8, and -9 compared to IRI or TP alone, indicating enhanced tumor cell apoptosis. These results suggest that TP enhances IRI\u2019s anti-cancer effects by promoting apoptosis in colon cancer cells. TP may thus serve as a potential enhancer for IRI in future colon cancer treatments, offering a novel strategy to improve therapeutic outcomes, enhance drug efficacy, and minimize side effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354261448871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T11:34:56Z","timestamp":1779708896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Triptolide enhances anti-cancer activities of irinotecan in human colon cancer HT-29 cells\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    and HT-29 cell xenograft tumor model in nude mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yi-Shih","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Shin","family":"Chueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Fen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Lin","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaw-Chyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei-Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7580-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang-Chi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2024 Statistics of Causes of Death. 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