{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:47:45Z","timestamp":1785829665679,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The number of dairy farms in Bangladesh is steadily increasing, yet the characterization of common pathogenic organisms such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains underexplored. Due to the overwhelming challenges of antimicrobial resistance, the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, and mobile colistin resistance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes through zoonotic organisms, this study aimed to characterize\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    in raw milk in Sylhet. In this study, a total of 234 raw milk samples were collected from different dairy farms and milk-selling points in Sylhet. Then, isolates were detected by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">16S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene through PCR after standard cultural and biochemical tests. Furthermore, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using the disc diffusion method, followed by screening of antibiotic-resistant genes (TEM, CTX-M, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2a, SHV, OXA-1, CMY, and NDM-1) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    -1 to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr-9<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Finally, partial sequencing of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">16S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    was performed to study the genetic diversity. Among 234 samples, 86 (36.44%) were positive for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and exhibited variation in resistance levels to amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), ceftazidime (100%), tetracycline (100%) followed by azithromycin (89.54%), cefoxitin (86.04%), gentamicin (83.74%), and cefuroxime (77.90%). All the samples harbored the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene (100%) and showed negative results when screening for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. The phylogenetic outcome reported that those isolates were closely related to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    . According to our findings, the majority of the isolates were resistant to several antibiotics and contained the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene, which may represent a significant risk to the overall well-being of the population. These findings underscore that raw milk could be a potential harbor for multidrug resistance\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , raising concerns about antimicrobial resistance transmission through traditionally processed dairy products, as such products are often prepared without proper heat treatment. The study emphasizes the need for strict hygiene practices and mandatory pasteurization measures during processing to reduce potential public health risks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141251372857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T18:00:26Z","timestamp":1759255226000},"page":"602-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular Characterization of \u03b2-Lactamase-Resistant\n                    <i>Klebsiella aerogenes<\/i>\n                    Isolated from Raw Milk in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fahmida Jahan","family":"Fahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anindita Ash","family":"Prome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohel","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Sodor","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monira","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shad Uddin","family":"Mahfuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazi","family":"Zinnah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anzuman","family":"Ara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4000-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdaus Mohd Altaf","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."},{"name":"Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","article-title":"Susceptibility patterns of extended spectrum SS-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in a teaching hospital","volume":"44","author":"Al-Zahrani AJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Zahrani AJ, , Akhtar N. Susceptibility patterns of extended spectrum SS-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in a teaching hospital. Pak J Med Res, 2005; 44(2).","journal-title":"Pak J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2168-9547.1000201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Chauhan S Farooq U Singh V et al. Determination Of Prevalence And Antibacterial Activity Of ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases) Producing Klebsiella Species Isolated From Raw Milk Of Doon Valley In India. 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17458"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4761"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ijs.v21i3.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00392"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7100461"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12681\/jhvms.25925"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/ajvs.58885"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4565.2007.00077.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24996\/ijs.2019.60.12.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35876"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/sajrm\/2018\/v1i2766"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17324"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33109\/bjvmjd2021amrt1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19569"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6078"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8050752"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parivendhan M Harini M Dharaniya A et al. Molecular identification of bacteria (Klebsiella Aerogenes PP335235) isolated from street food (Fried Rice); Study of its antibiotic sensitivity pattern and probiotic fortification of fruit juice (Fragaria Ananassa Passiflora Ligularis and Phyllanthus. 2024.","DOI":"10.30574\/ijsra.2024.11.2.0517"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109459"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mid.2024.258318.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100680"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2019.f355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1143257"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjvm.v13i1.23723"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2015.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","volume-title":"Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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