{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:03:37Z","timestamp":1790597017192,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Since 2020, more than 2000 illnesses have been linked to foodborne outbreaks associated with onions. In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and state partners investigated a multistate outbreak of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Thompson infections linked to diced onions grown and processed in California. The outbreak resulted in 80 ill people, 18 hospitalizations, and one death reported in 23 states. FDA conducted a traceback investigation that included three illness clusters comprised of five total ill people from four Long-Term Care Facilities. Three inspections, each accompanied by sampling, were conducted at Processor A, Grower A, and Packing Shed A, respectively. The FDA analyzed 18 samples, six of which yielded\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. isolates. Isolates recovered from water, sediment, and piping below irrigation equipment, near the growing environment, matched the outbreak strain. Additional isolates recovered from environmental samples matched eight\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Saintpaul clinical isolates from 2022, four\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis clinical isolates from four states from 2022 to 2023, and two unrelated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Newport clinical clusters from 2021 to 2023. Laboratory, traceback, and epidemiological evidence indicated onions grown in three specific fields as the source of the outbreak, suggesting that the outbreak strain was present at the farm level, established in the soil, and potentially disseminated through agricultural water. Further processing into diced onions could have also spread and\/or amplified the pathogen in the product due to the practices and conditions at the processor. This investigation highlighted the importance of outreach and education to enhance onion industry food safety practices and prevent future outbreaks. It also emphasized the need for focused research on onion industry practices, including growing, harvesting, curing, processing, packing, and holding.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141251377305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T16:35:21Z","timestamp":1758040521000},"page":"693-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multistate Outbreak of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Thompson Infections Linked to Diced Onions\u20142023"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0564-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bria","family":"Graham-Glover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Jefferson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyann","family":"Blessington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5858-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Schwensohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cullen","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Inspections and Investigations, US Food and Drug Administration, Portland, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"Cromwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Inspections and Investigations, US Food and Drug Administration, Aptos, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Manetas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Regulatory Testing and Surveillance, US Food and Drug Administration, Hazlet, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Mickiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Autumn","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Pightling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Lansing, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shana","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Inspections and Investigations, US Food and Drug Administration, Fresno, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Keshishyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Inspections and Investigations, US Food and Drug Administration, Woodland Hills, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gieraltowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Shade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stelios","family":"Viazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","unstructured":"Andrews W Wang H Jacobson A et al. 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Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/131744\/download?attachment"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/jfp-21-112"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2023.109833"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268822001571"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110325"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02750-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2012.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","unstructured":"National Onion Association. (2022). Commodity Specific Food Safety Guidelines for the Dry Bulb Onion Supply Chain. Retrieved April 12. 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Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/thompson-10-23\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Guide to Minimize Food Safety Hazards of Fresh-cut Produce: Draft Guidance for Industry. Retrieved April 12. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/117526\/download?attachment"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Factors Potentially Contributing to the Contamination of Red Onions Implicated in the Summer 2020 Outbreak of Salmonella Newport. Retrieved December 14. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/foodborne-pathogens\/factors-potentially-contributing-contamination-red-onions-implicated-summer-2020-outbreak-salmonella"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Investigations Operations Manual. Retrieved September 20. 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