{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:54Z","timestamp":1792787754137,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Canada","award":["A-base"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-base"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p8nb362","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n A nationwide outbreak of\n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n ser. Enteritidis linked for the first time to frozen corn occurred in Canada from September 2021 to January 2022. To identify potential contributing factors, contaminated corn samples were analyzed and compared to unrelated retail samples. Contaminated corn samples had significantly lower sugar content (9% vs. 12%) and higher levels of background microbiota (total aerobic mesophiles,\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n , and total coliforms) compared to retail samples.\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n enterica<\/jats:italic>\n ser. Enteritidis was recovered from the contaminated corn samples at low levels (average = 5 most probable number [MPN]\/100 g). These levels were stable over 3 years of frozen storage (average = 3 MPN\/100 g). The response of the outbreak strain to heat was comparable to laboratory strains of the same serovar. Heating retail corn samples artificially inoculated with 1 \u00d7 10\n 8<\/jats:sup>\n colony-forming units of\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n enterica<\/jats:italic>\n ser. Enteritidis by immersion in a 90\u00b0C water bath for 7 min resulted in a linear decrease of cells over time as the temperature of the food sample increased. Extrapolation of the data suggests a five-log reduction would require a cooking time of 8 min, corresponding to a food sample temperature of 66\u00b0C. However, cooking naturally contaminated corn samples beyond these parameters to a temperature of 74\u00b0C failed to completely eliminate\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n . The results of this study highlight the hazards associated with the presence of\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n in frozen vegetables and emphasize the need for improved hygiene during processing and the development of clear, validated cooking procedures to mitigate risks associated with frozen vegetables.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141251386427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T08:55:56Z","timestamp":1759740956000},"page":"763-768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microbiological Examination of Frozen Corn Linked to a National Salmonellosis Outbreak Reveals Gaps in Product Hygiene and Thermal Inactivation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food and Nutrition Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Tamber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food and Nutrition Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.37.3.559-566.1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/4.6.1096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","unstructured":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). 2024. Food recall warning: Eagle brand corn (frozen) recalled due to Salmonella. Available from: https:\/\/recalls-rappels.canada.ca\/en\/alert-recall\/eagle-brand-corn-frozen-recalled-due-salmonella [Last accessed: August19 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2024.100440"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02667"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-16-496"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141251405075"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-68.12.2587"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13223610"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2009.02695.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-011-1881-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-018-3416-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). 2022. Public health notice: Outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to frozen whole kernel corn. Available from: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/public-health-notices\/2021\/outbreak-salmonella-infections.html [Last accessed: August19 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12396"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2021.103871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11244117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-70.4.1041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaspro.2015.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-13-371"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inpa.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-19-092"}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15353141251386427","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15353141251386427","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15353141251386427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:19:56Z","timestamp":1790601596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15353141251386427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15353141251386427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15353141251386427","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]}}}