{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:36:16Z","timestamp":1777642576414,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    is known to cause intestinal infections in humans, which can result in symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and, in severe cases, sepsis and death. Isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    from specific populations and regions exhibit varying patterns of antibiotic resistance and genetic characteristics. This study aims to evaluate the diversity of 32 strains of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from fecal samples of diarrhea patients in Chifeng City, China, between 2021 and 2023, through antibiotic resistance and genomic analysis. Microbroth dilution and whole genome sequencing were employed to investigate antibiotic resistance, multilocus sequence typing, phylogenetic relationship, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements. The antibiotic resistance tests showed 93.75% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were resistant to ampicillin, followed by streptomycin (STR) (87.50%) and tetracycline (TET) (56.25%). A total of 32\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were classified into 6 ST types. Virulence gene profiles revealed a relatively high prevalence of the type III secretion system gene cluster. The adhesion-related genes\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fim<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bcf<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Agf\/Csg<\/jats:italic>\n                    were prominently represented across all isolates. The antibiotic resistance gene profile showed that the aminoglycoside resistance gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6')-Iaa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (100.00%), sulfanilamide resistance gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    (81.25%), \u03b2-lactam resistance gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">blaTEM-1B<\/jats:italic>\n                    (75.00%), and TET resistance gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (56.25%) were more commonly found. Plasmid replicons IncFII(S), IncFIB(S), IncQ1, and IncX1 were frequently identified in these isolates, serving as primary sources of horizontally acquired foreign genes. The most common phage types were Salmon_118970_sal3 (78.13%) and Phage_Gifsy_2 (59.38%). The most frequently observed insertion sequences were IS\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">285<\/jats:italic>\n                    (56.25%) and IS\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ec39<\/jats:italic>\n                    (56.25%) from the IS\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">256<\/jats:italic>\n                    family. The results indicate a correlation between the resistance phenotype of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its genomic characteristics. These findings provide valuable references for the prevention and control of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as for clinical treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141251399087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T01:29:15Z","timestamp":1763861355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Isolates from Diarrhea Patients in Chifeng, China"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Chunru","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Chifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Chifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huixia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Chifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingxian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical technology, Yuncheng Vocational Nursing College, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of nursing, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Chifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunyao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Chifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of nursing, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Chifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Province, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. CLSI; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.9456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"Breakpoint tables for interpretation of mics and zone diameters. Version 7.1","author":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (ECAST)","year":"2024","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (ECAST). Breakpoint tables for interpretation of mics and zone diameters. Version 7.1. 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