{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:47:10Z","timestamp":1784749630404,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"High-Quality Professional Youth Introduction Project of Kunming City","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education","award":["No. 2025J0285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2025J0285"]}]},{"name":"the Kunming Medical University Union Special Fund","award":["No. 202401AY070001-182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 202401AY070001-182"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although urbanization in China has improved access to clean water and sanitation, thereby reducing the transmission of fecal-oral pathogens, non-typhoidal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (NTS) infection remains relatively prevalent among children. The study aims to explore risk factors associated with NTS infection in young children in urban city areas. An age- and sex-matched, case\u2013control study was conducted from May 2022 to April 2023. One hundred one cases and two hundred two controls who were residing in the urban area of Kunming City were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire on exposures 3 days before illness. The association of each exposure with infection status was determined using conditional logistic regression. NTS infections peaked during the rainy season (May\u2013October).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhimurium was the predominant serotype (64.5%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Enteritidis (11.8%). Multivariable analysis revealed that refrigerated storage of raw eggs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.02\u201311.05), lack of a separate cutting board for raw and cooked foods (aOR = 10.38; 95% CI: 3.81\u201328.32), and higher household density (\u22652 children: aOR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.18\u20136.16; \u22653 children: aOR = 10.16; 95% CI: 2.90\u201335.60) were independently associated with increased risk of NTS infection. In addition to household hygiene practices, household crowding was identified as a key amplifier of NTS transmission risk. These findings underscore the need for integrated public health strategies that combine targeted hygiene education with structural interventions to reduce overcrowding in urban households.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141261448765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:44:49Z","timestamp":1777707889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk Factors for Sporadic Non-Typhoidal\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Infection Among Children Under Five Years of Age in an Urban Area of Kunming City: A Matched Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Jinglin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital (Kunming Medical University Affiliated), Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital (Kunming Medical University Affiliated), Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingrui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital (Kunming Medical University Affiliated), Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital (Kunming Medical University Affiliated), Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaofang","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital (Kunming Medical University Affiliated), Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2804-6460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital (Kunming Medical University Affiliated), Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1221"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006224"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31826ff592"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2341"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315586"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.09.001"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Salmonella in pets: The risk to children","volume":"88","author":"Finlay F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finlay F, , Furnell C, , Ridley P. Salmonella in pets: The risk to children. Community Pract 2015;88(7):27\u201328.","journal-title":"Community Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.0978"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381593"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02993"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1218"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381576"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11233854"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277203"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006558"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134609"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381594"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","unstructured":"People\u2019s Government of Yunnan Province. (2021). \u201cThe Seventh National Population Census \u201cPeople\u2019s Government of Yunnan Province. Available from: https:\/\/www.yn.gov.cn\/ywdt\/zsdt\/202106\/t20210607_223401.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-019-00683-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","year":"2021","unstructured":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Core Team, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0827"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","unstructured":"WHO. (2018). \u201cSalmonella (non-typhoidal).\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/salmonella-(non-typhoidal)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","unstructured":"WHO. (2024). \u201cDiarrhoeal disease.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2020-000898"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-16-309"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Research progress on drug resistance of Urban pet bacteria","volume":"32","author":"Yushan W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yushan W, , Bingqing S, , Qin J, et al. Research progress on drug resistance of Urban pet bacteria. 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