{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T13:16:59Z","timestamp":1793452619200,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ORF-RC-2024-xx"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-RC-2024-xx"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This research examined the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibacterial, potential antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Matricaria chamomilla<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract (MCE),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anastatica hierochuntica<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract (AHE), and their combination against selected foodborne pathogens. Agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal\/fungicidal concentration (MBC\/MFC), as well as time-kill effect experiments, were applied to evaluate the antimicrobial characteristics. The combined extract showed better antibacterial qualities than the individual extracts. Results revealed that the tested microbes, including\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were among the studied pathogens, with inhibition zones ranging from 24 to 31 mm. By contrast, the inhibition zones of MCE and AHE were 20\u201326 mm and 19\u201323 mm, respectively. Furthermore, compared with MCE (150\u2013275 \u00b5g\/mL; 175\u2013300 \u00b5g\/mL) and AHE (200\u2013350 \u00b5g\/mL; 225\u2013375 \u00b5g\/mL), the combined extract showed reduced MIC (100\u2013200 \u00b5g\/mL) and MBC\/MFC (125\u2013225 \u00b5g\/mL), indicating even greater antimicrobial efficacy. With an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 24.44 \u00b5g\/mL, the combined extract exhibited the greatest radical-scavenging activity in the DPPH experiment, whereas the corresponding values of IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    for MCE and AHE were 38.19 and 54.49 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The combined extract showed the greatest inhibitory activity against both \u03b1-glucosidase and \u03b1-amylase. The combined extract showed the strongest and fastest bactericidal action in time-kill tests. Overall, the combined extract demonstrated enhanced, reliable, and repeatable\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibacterial activity, as well as potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141261451629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T16:42:14Z","timestamp":1779727334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhanced Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Activities of\n                    <i>Matricaria chamomilla<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Anastatica hierochuntica<\/i>\n                    Extracts Toward Pathogenic Microorganisms: Phytochemical Profiling and Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim Saeed","family":"Gataa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Albukhaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Health and Medical Technologies, University of Manara, Amarah, Iraq."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Mohammed Attyah","family":"Zheoat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Manara, Amarah, Iraq."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman A.","family":"Almehizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7259-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dheyaa J.","family":"Jasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, University of Al Maarif, Al Anbar, Iraq."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed H.M.","family":"Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALDOUR Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Mosel, Iraq."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Al-Farga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatem A.","family":"Al-Aoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman M.","family":"Haggag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Kasr Al Aini hospitals), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt."},{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Attaka, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha M.","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Kasr Al Aini hospitals), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Alhaj Zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry &amp; 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