{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:13:04Z","timestamp":1785381184404,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001503","name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NAHEP CAAST ACLH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NAHEP CAAST ACLH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CRG\/2021\/003683\/BHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2021\/003683\/BHS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The rising concern of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the unavailability of new antibiotics in the discovery pipeline has generated the need for alternative approaches for their control. Essential oils (EOs) and essential oil\u2019s active components (EoCs) have been reported for their antimicrobial effect since long. In this study, we evaluated 11 EOs and 4 EoCs for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Among EOs, oregano (zone of inhibition [ZOI] = 24.62 \u00b1 8.10 mm), cinnamon (ZOI = 18.38 \u00b1 5.88 mm), cassia (ZOI = 20.23 \u00b1 4.61 mm), and thyme (ZOI = 13.77 \u00b1 5.67 mm), and among EoCs, cinnamaldehyde (ZOI = 24.69 \u00b1 5.83 mm), carvacrol (ZOI = 24.38 \u00b1 7.76 mm), and thymol (ZOI = 22.92 \u00b1 7.43 mm) demonstrated the higher antimicrobial activity against the targeted pathogens. Only cinnamon (ZOI = 16.62 \u00b1 2.58 mm) and cassia (ZOI = 15.24 \u00b1 1.90 mm) were found to be effective as antimicrobial against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. Cinnamaldehyde (ZOI = 9.02 \u00b1 2.68 mm) demonstrated weak antimicrobial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antibiofilm assays were performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test revealed a significant overall difference between treatments (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) against both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Specifically, Dunn\u2019s multiple comparisons test showed significant differences (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) in MIC values between cinnamaldehyde and eugenol for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    with no significant difference in their MBC. For\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , significant variations (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) in MIC and MBC were observed between carvacrol and thymol, and between thyme and other oils like tea tree, cumin, and lemongrass. Antibiofilm effect of EOs and EoCs against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found at concentration of 0.031% for cinnamon EO and cinnamaldehyde and at 0.015\u2009\u2212\u20090.007% for carvacrol. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis of EOs and EoCs was performed to determine their bioactive compounds. The study highlights that EOs and EoCs can be used as alternative antimicrobials against food spoilage bacteria and drug-resistant pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141261454246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T13:57:13Z","timestamp":1779803833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Essential Oils and Essential Oil\u2019s Active Components Against Food Spoilage Bacteria and Foodborne Pathogens and Antibiofilm Potential Against Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Kajal","family":"Bankoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1352-4570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi Kant","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrinalini","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keshav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaideep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjod Kumar","family":"Mendiratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhoj Raj","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Public Health &amp; Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7807-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000175889.82865.67"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines4030058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000229"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7405736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08578-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040417"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"2114","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of selected medicinal plants and spices extracts against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"7","author":"Jahan M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jahan M, , Abuhena M, , Azad AK, et al. 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