{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:49:56Z","timestamp":1791568196585,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Food-animal surveillance can identify antimicrobial-resistance patterns that may affect foodborne disease risk, but pooled summaries can obscure commodity and serotype drivers. This study analyzed public FSIS NARMS cecal and HACCP\/slaughter-source\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    records accessed through FDA NARMS Now to examine quinolone-resistance trends by calendar period, commodity, and serotype. Records were filtered to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates with reported growth collected from 2013 to 2023. Calendar periods were defined descriptively as 2013\u20132016, 2017\u20132022, and 2023 to bracket major U.S. antimicrobial-stewardship milestones, including completion of GFI #213 implementation in 2017 and implementation of GFI #263 in 2023; these periods were treated as temporal landmarks rather than causal policy exposures. Outcomes were ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility, ciprofloxacin resistance only, and nalidixic acid resistance. Analyses included commodity-stratified percentages with Wilson 95% confidence intervals, serotype contribution summaries, and binomial models with standard errors clustered by year. The dataset included 42,232\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates; 41,608 were tested for ciprofloxacin and 41,606 for nalidixic acid. Overall, ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility increased from 1.96% in 2013\u20132016 to 17.84% in 2017\u20132022 and 25.71% in 2023. Nalidixic acid resistance increased from 1.36% to 17.02% and 24.01%, respectively. These increases were concentrated in chickens, where ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility rose from 1.7% to 28.7% and 42.4%.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Infantis accounted for 75.0% of all ciprofloxacin non-susceptible isolates, and Infantis plus Enteritidis accounted for 85.6%. After excluding both serotypes, adjusted period odds ratios were substantially attenuated. Findings indicate that quinolone-resistance trends in FSIS NARMS food-animal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    data were strongly shaped by chicken-associated serotype composition, supporting serotype-aware surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141261497353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:21:01Z","timestamp":1791436861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serotype and Commodity Contributions to Quinolone Resistance Trends Among FSIS NARMS\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Isolates, 2013\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3113-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida SouthWestern State College, Fort Myers, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"CDC. Antibiotics tested by NARMS. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/narms\/about\/antibiotics-tested.html [Last accessed: August15 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"FDA. Withdrawal of enrofloxacin for poultry. 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/recalls-withdrawals\/withdrawal-enrofloxacin-poultry [Last accessed: August15 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"FDA. 2019 NARMS update: Integrated report summary. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system\/2019-narms-update-integrated-report-summary [Last accessed: August15 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"FDA. Fact sheet: Veterinary feed directive final rule and next steps. 2024a. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/development-approval-process\/fact-sheet-veterinary-feed-directive-final-rule-and-next-steps [Last accessed: August15 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"FDA. Timeline of FDA action on antimicrobial resistance. 2024b. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/antimicrobial-resistance\/timeline-fda-action-antimicrobial-resistance [Last accessed: August15 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","unstructured":"FDA. NARMS now: Integrated data. 2026. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system\/narms-now-integrated-data [Last accessed: August15 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-026-00257-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"FSIS. FSIS Cecal sampling under the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System surveillance program\u2014Revision 3. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/policy\/fsis-directives\/10100.1 [Last accessed: August15 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"FSIS. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/science-data\/national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system-narms [Last accessed: August15 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.204486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2025.2553665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.14311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111090"}],"container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15353141261497353","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15353141261497353","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15353141261497353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:51:32Z","timestamp":1791564692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15353141261497353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15353141261497353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15353141261497353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3141","1556-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3141","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-7125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"article-number":"15353141261497353"}}