{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:53:11Z","timestamp":1792155191725,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program","award":["No.202412060980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.202412060980"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foodborne Pathogens and Disease"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Shiga toxin\u2013producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (STEC), a zoonotic foodborne pathogen, has become a critical global public health issue. This study investigates molecular traits and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms of STEC strains derived from retail meat products sourced from domestic production in Liaocheng city, Shandong province, China, to inform health risk assessment. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), phenotypic AMR testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), 38 STEC isolates were identified from 400 retail meat products, with an isolation rate of 9.5%. Significant differences in STEC isolation rates were detected among different meat types, and mutton exhibited a relatively high isolation rate of 26.09%. Genomic virulence analysis showed that there were higher proportions of single\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      stx\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (58.33%) and dual\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      stx\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/stx\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    genotypes (33.33%) in mutton isolates than in beef (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      stx\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    : 48.00%, dual\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      stx\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/stx\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    : 12.00%), and only the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      stx\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was found in pork isolates. STEC isolates exhibited marked serotypic diversity, including O128ac:H2, O168:H7, O178:H7, O2:H25, and O6:H10. Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed heterogeneous sequence type (ST) distributions among isolates, with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ST10<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ST25<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ST2722<\/jats:italic>\n                    as dominant STs, suggesting diverse contamination sources. STEC isolates exhibited high phenotypic resistance to tetracycline (TET) (68.42%), which corresponded to the highest detection rate of the TET resistance gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet(A)<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the genomic level. All isolates were susceptible to ertapenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) analysis indicated that 16 STEC isolates were MDR strains, with beef-derived isolates having relatively high MDR rates. This study verifies the occurrence of STEC in retail meat, highlighting prevalent AMR and substantial genetic heterogeneity among isolates. The findings underscore the necessity of systematic surveillance to limit STEC transmission along the meat supply chain and facilitate targeted food safety interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15353141261497565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:46:57Z","timestamp":1791967617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Whole-Genome Sequencing\u2013Based Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Shiga Toxin\u2013Producing\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolated from Retail Meat Products"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4559-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongbo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinli","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2023.109754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13051124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-01792-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 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