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The aims of this study were to identify the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of steroids on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced VEGF expression in nasal polyps. Nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) were stimulated with LPS alone or with both LPS and steroids were used to determine the expression levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 ( MyD88), and VEGF by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). VEGF protein level was analyzed by immunocytochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for TLR4 was transfected to down-regulate TLR4 expression. Activation of Akt and nuclear factor \u03baB (NF-\u03baB) pathway on VEGF expression was determined by Western blot analysis, immunocytochemical staining, and ELISA. Nasal polyp organ cultures were stimulated with LPS alone or in conjunction with steroids or LPS-RS (TLR4 inhibitor) and accessed the expression of VEGF. Steroids decreased the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein in LPS-stimulated NPDFs. Steroids inhibited LPS-induced VEGF expression levels in dose-dependent manner. The suppression of TLR4 transcription by siRNA treatment reduced LPS-induced expression of both TLR4 and VEGF in NPDFs. Furthermore, steroids inhibited the production of VEGF by blocking Akt and NF-\u03baB activation and preventing with NF-\u03baB translocation. Also, steroid and TLR4 inhibitor decreased VEGF expression in nasal polyp organ cultures. These results indicate that steroids inhibit LPS-induced VEGF expression through the TLR4\/Akt\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370214537742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T10:50:59Z","timestamp":1402915859000},"page":"913-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Steroids inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor expression via TLR4\/Akt\/NF-\u03baB pathway in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Jung-Sun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 152-703, Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 152-703, 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