{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:37:41Z","timestamp":1777873061054,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mechanical stress damage and insufficient self-repair can contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) in the affected joint. As the effects of stress on chondrocyte metabolism can regulate cartilage homeostasis, the specific stress\u2013response condition is therefore a key to the generation of an OA disease model. We aimed to produce a specific stress- and cell-based OA model after evaluating the metabolic responses of chondrocytes in response to a series of static and cyclic compression stressors. A static load exceeding 40 psi initiated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation through a decrease in the sulphated-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, upregulation of catabolic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 encoding gene expression, and downregulation of the ECM-related aggrecan and type II collagen encoding genes within 24\u2009h. Indicators of pro-inflammatory events and oxidative stress were found to correlate with increased IL-6 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. However, chondrocytes stimulated by moderate cyclic loading (30\u201340 psi) exhibited increased ECM-related gene expression without significant changes in catabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression. BMP-7 expression increased at cyclic loading levels above 30\u201360 psi. These results demonstrated that static compression exceeding 60 psi is sufficient to produce OA-like chondrocytes that exhibit signs of ECM degradation and inflammation. These OA-like chondrocytes could therefore be used as a novel cell-based drug screening system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lack of an effective treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) reflects the great need for alternative therapies and drug discovery. Disease models can be used for early-stage compound screening and disease studies. Chondrocytes are solely responsible for the maintenance of the articular cartilage extracellular matrix. Our strategy involved the generation of a cell-based model of OA, a more readily studied disease. Instead of using animal cartilage explants, we incorporated isolated porcine chondrocytes with hydrogel to form three-dimensional assemblies. We could identify the specific magnitude-dependent metabolic responses of chondrocytes by applying a series of static and cyclic compression, and therefore successfully generated a novel OA-like cell-based model for drug screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217699534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T00:47:28Z","timestamp":1490230048000},"page":"1062-1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A novel compressive stress-based osteoarthritis-like chondrocyte system"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"In-Chi","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Ting","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Gefen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, 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