{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T18:30:16Z","timestamp":1793557816856,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence abounds\u2014epidemiological and experimental\u2014linking overexposure to manganese with hepatic and renal dysfunction. We investigated the beneficial effects of gallic acid or omega-3 fatty acids (\u03c9-3-FA) on hepatorenal function in rats exposed to manganese (Mn). Rats were exposed to manganese (15\u2009mg\/kg) only or in the presence of \u03c9-3-FA (30\u2009mg\/kg) or gallic acid (20\u2009mg\/kg) continuously for 14 days. Gallic acid or \u03c9-3-FA co-treatment significantly ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) suppressed manganese-mediated increases in the biomarkers of hepatorenal toxicity. Furthermore, gallic acid or \u03c9-3-FA relieved manganese-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion.In addition to decreases in nitric oxide, interleukin-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 levels, and myeloperoxidase concentration in treated rats, biochemical data on hepatorenal protection were buttressed by our histological findings. Gallic acid or \u03c9-3-FA ameliorated manganese-induced hepatorenal toxicity by reducing the oxidative\/inflammatory stress and preserved tissue integrity in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Humans and animals are regularly exposed to toxic chemicals with subsequent adverse effects. Manganese exposure occurs via contaminated sources; over-exposure is associated with neuronal, hepatorenal dysfunction, etc. This work advances the field of natural chemopreventive agents by reporting evidence lacking in the literature on GA and \u03c9-3-FA obtained primarily from the diet in protecting biological beings against toxic chemicals. Individually, GA and \u03c9-3-FA exhibit various pharmacological effects. Our findings confirm the previous reports; however, we demonstrate the additional evidence for GA and \u03c9-3-FA in abating toxic response incumbent on oxidative damage associated with manganese exposure. These findings further underscore the relevance of GA usage in food, cosmetics\u2013pharmaceutical industries, and \u03c9-3-FA as a safe supplement. Dietary supplements with GA and fish oil-rich in \u03c9-3FA may be the potential natural therapy against hepatorenal injury in individuals inadvertently or occupationally exposed to manganese, thereby, promoting human and veterinary health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220917643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T21:20:49Z","timestamp":1586208049000},"page":"835-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Gallic acid and omega-3 fatty acids decrease inflammatory and oxidative stress in manganese-treated rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"245","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4973-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon E","family":"Owumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200004, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah O","family":"Nwozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200004, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalene E","family":"Effiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200004, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eseroghene S","family":"Najophe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200004, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1535370220917643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26234"},{"key":"bibr2-1535370220917643","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2012.\n                      Toxicological profile for Manganese\n                      . 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