{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T08:57:08Z","timestamp":1781341028642,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Crohn\u2019s disease is a severe, incurable inflammatory bowel disease. Orally administered emu oil has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in previous models of gastrointestinal disease. We aimed to determine whether orally administered emu oil could attenuate disease in a mouse model of Crohn\u2019s-like colitis. Female ARC(s) mice (CD-1 equivalent, n\u2009=\u200910\/group) were intra-rectally administered water (120\u2009\u03bcL) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS; 3\u2009mg in 50% ethanol; 120 \u03bcL bolus) on day 0. Mice were orally administered water (80\u2009\u03bcL) or emu oil (80\u2009\u03bcL or 160\u2009\u03bcL) daily for five days and euthanized on day six. Bodyweight and disease activity were recorded daily. Colonoscopy, burrowing activity, facial grimace, histological parameters (damage severity, small intestinal villus height\/crypt depth and colonic crypt depth), myeloperoxidase activity and intestinal permeability were assessed. P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant. TNBS decreased bodyweight (days 1, 2, 4; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and increased disease activity (days 1\u20136; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), compared to normal controls. Emu oil (80\u2009\u03bcL) attenuated disease activity on days 5\u20136 ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), although bodyweight loss was not significantly impacted ( P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Facial grimace and colonoscopy scores were significantly increased in TNBS-control mice; effects attenuated by both volumes of emu oil ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). TNBS increased histological damage severity compared to normal controls ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05); an effect attenuated by 80\u2009\u03bcL emu oil (proximal and distal colon; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and 160\u2009\u03bcL emu oil (distal colon; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In the ileum, villus height and crypt depth were unaffected by TNBS or emu oil treatment compared to normal ( P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). TNBS-induced distal colonic crypt lengthening was unaffected following emu oil administration ( P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Remaining parameters, including burrowing, myeloperoxidase activity and intestinal permeability, were unchanged across all treatment groups ( P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). In normal mice, emu oil treatment did not significantly impact any parameter compared to normal controls. In conclusion, emu oil reduced overall disease severity and facial grimace scores in TNBS mice. These results suggest therapeutic potential for orally administered emu oil in the management of Crohn\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220951105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T14:37:45Z","timestamp":1599662265000},"page":"1697-1707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Orally administered emu oil attenuates disease in a mouse model of Crohn\u2019s-like colitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"Chloe J","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia"},{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon S","family":"Howarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia"},{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7068-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren C","family":"Chartier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Trinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C","family":"Lawrance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Saint John of God Hospital, Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li San","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Mashtoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.128751"},{"key":"bibr2-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.029"},{"key":"bibr3-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0528"},{"key":"bibr4-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.01.009"},{"key":"bibr5-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0183-y"},{"key":"bibr6-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1979-1"},{"key":"bibr7-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-997-0021-x"},{"key":"bibr8-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-998-0001-9"},{"key":"bibr9-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/80.2.187"},{"key":"bibr10-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000164016.98913.7c"},{"key":"bibr11-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-003-1104-y"},{"key":"bibr12-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.043"},{"key":"bibr13-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/429706"},{"key":"bibr14-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2019.1581253"},{"key":"bibr15-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4876-4"},{"key":"bibr16-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(18)32957-3"},{"key":"bibr17-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(17)32559-3"},{"key":"bibr18-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451000084X"},{"key":"bibr19-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2016.1208829"},{"key":"bibr20-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370213493718"},{"key":"bibr21-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00587.2011"},{"key":"bibr22-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830180009048389"},{"key":"bibr23-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.061283"},{"key":"bibr24-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08977190009003238"},{"key":"bibr25-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1455"},{"key":"bibr26-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3193"},{"key":"bibr27-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13888","volume":"32","author":"Barker SJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastroen Hepatol"},{"key":"bibr28-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370218787457"},{"key":"bibr29-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(16)33896-3"},{"key":"bibr30-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00086.2016"},{"key":"bibr31-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677213493409"},{"key":"bibr32-1535370220951105","first-page":"55","volume":"7","author":"Sotocinal SG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"bibr33-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677215595554"},{"key":"bibr34-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.12.015"},{"key":"bibr35-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0004563053857923"},{"key":"bibr36-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20753"},{"key":"bibr37-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2014.0225"},{"key":"bibr38-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1326.001"},{"key":"bibr39-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00077.2002"},{"key":"bibr40-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/EA08134"},{"key":"bibr41-1535370220951105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2012.07098.x"}],"container-title":["Experimental Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1535370220951105","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1535370220951105","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1535370220951105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:58:18Z","timestamp":1777568298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ebm-journal.org\/journals\/experimental-biology-and-medicine\/articles\/10.1177\/1535370220951105\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1535370220951105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1535370220951105","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3702","1535-3699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3702","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-3699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]}}}