{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1779869027543,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Biosaf."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The safe and compliant transportation of infectious substances and biological specimens is critically essential for public health, scientific research, and disease diagnostics. With its global implications, this study aims to evaluate the International Transportation Association (IATA) regulations for shipping infectious substances and biological specimens in Pakistan. It explores the current level of awareness of IATA regulations and identifies existing gaps and challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Develop and implement training modules that comply with IATA regulations and the Global Biorisk Management Curriculum (GBRMC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To promote the adoption of IATA regulations in Pakistan, the Association for Biorisk Management and Health Security Partners collaborated with experts, including certified IATA developed a project in partnership with experts and certified IATA professionals in Pakistan to start a series of workshops in Pakistan focused on IATA regulations. The project comprised two initial phases: a survey to assess the gaps in the existing regulations and their implementation for shipping infectious substances and a series of workshops based on the training of trainers concept. The project was spread over 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only 1.29% of institutions surveyed offer training in this domain. There is a pressing need to enhance the IATA and local regulations governing the shipment of infectious substances from laboratories. Drawing on international regulations and experiences, we can bolster Pakistan\u2019s capacity to manage the shipping of infectious agents based on national requirements and priorities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15356760251358738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:04:15Z","timestamp":1771509855000},"page":"119-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Compliance: Tailored Training on IATA Regulations for Shipping Infectious Substances and Biological Specimens for Targeted Cohorts in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Shamsul Arfin","family":"Qasmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EH&amp;S Biosafety Program, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Security Partners, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecelia Madsen","family":"Guinevere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Security Partners, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asghar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Biorisk Management, Peshawar, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Kuduvalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Security Partners, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations 66th edition; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/publications\/newsletters\/iata-knowledge-hub\/cargo-ground-ops-regulations-manuals-2024-significant-changes [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Transporting-Infectious-Substances-Safely.pdf. US Department of Transportation; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.phmsa.dot.gov\/sites\/phmsa.dot.gov\/files\/2022-06\/Transporting-Infectious-Substances-Safely.pdf [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control & Prevention. Packaging and Transporting Infectious Substances; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/import-permit-program\/media\/pdfs\/2024\/08\/Transporting_Infectious_Substances_Safely.pdf [Last accessed: December12 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"ICAO Technical Instructions For The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284); 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.icao.int\/safety\/DangerousGoods\/Pages\/Doc9284-Technical-Instructions.aspx [Last accessed: November20 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Global Biorisk Management Curriculum (GBRMC). Sandia National Laboratory; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/gcbs.sandia.gov\/tools\/gbrmc\/ [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"WHO Guidance on regulations for the transport of infectious substances; 2021\u20132022. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240019720 [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"WHO Guidance on Regulations for The Transport of Infectious Substances; 2023\u20132024. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/789240089525 [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Transporting Medical Waste. San Diego Medical Waste Services LLC; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.sdmedwaste.com\/transporting-medical-waste [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Code of Federal Regulations under Parts 171\u2013180; 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-49\/subtitle-B\/chapter-I\/subchapter-C\/part-171 [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"National Guidelines Infection Prevention & Control. National Institute of Health Pakistan; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.nih.org.pk\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Complete_IPC_Guideliens.pdf [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijtd.12234"},{"issue":"226","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"66","article-title":"Competency-Based Training and Assessment (CBTA) Framework in Aviation Manpower Planning","author":"Ziakkas D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ziakkas D, , Michael WS, , Pechlivanis K. The Implementation of Competency-Based Training and Assessment (CBTA) Framework in Aviation Manpower Planning. Transportation Research Procedia, 2022(226\u2013239):66; doi: 10.54941\/ahfe1002911","journal-title":"Transportation Research Procedia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20868\/UPM.thesis.68447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/30.10.663"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13504622.2017.1343279n"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_20_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"WHO Global Consultative Meeting on the Safe Shipment of Infectious Substances WHO headquarters Geneva Switzerland; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-WHE-CPI-2018.46 [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"WHO Operational Framework for Europe. International travel-related public health measures in the context of COVID-19; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-EURO-2021-3246-43005-60136 [Last accessed: January24 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"210","volume-title":"The interconnected world of trade, travel, and transportation networks","author":"Moussif M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moussif M, , Morales M, , Rego R. Modernizing Global Health Security to Prevent, Detect, and Respond. Chapter 12. In: The interconnected world of trade, travel, and transportation networks. Academic Press: 2024; pp. 210\u2013232."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Ikram A Guenther R Rusek B. eds. Good Clinical Laboratory Practices in Pakistan. 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