{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:36:36Z","timestamp":1791333396129,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Betsy and Jonathan Blattmachr family"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS055829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS055829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS066974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS066974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS096088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS096088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37 NS10090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 NS10090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3\/UH3 NS112826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3 NS112826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mark Loughridge and Michele Williams Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy Curr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Impaired consciousness during seizures severely affects quality of life for people with epilepsy but the mechanisms are just beginning to be understood. Consciousness is thought to involve large-scale brain networks, so it is puzzling that focal seizures often impair consciousness. Recent work investigating focal temporal lobe or limbic seizures in human patients and experimental animal models suggests that impaired consciousness is caused by active inhibition of subcortical arousal mechanisms. Focal limbic seizures exhibit decreased neuronal firing in brainstem, basal forebrain, and thalamic arousal networks, and cortical arousal can be restored when subcortical arousal circuits are stimulated during seizures. These findings open the possibility of restoring arousal and consciousness therapeutically during and following seizures by thalamic neurostimulation. When seizures cannot be stopped by existing treatments, targeted subcortical stimulation may improve arousal and consciousness, leading to improved safety and better psychosocial function for people with epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15357597211029507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T21:55:56Z","timestamp":1635112556000},"page":"353-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Arousal and Consciousness in Focal Seizures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hal","family":"Blumenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.22"},{"key":"bibr2-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan8871"},{"key":"bibr3-15357597211029507","volume-title":"The Neurology of Consciousness: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropathology","author":"Laureys S","year":"2015","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr4-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.001"},{"key":"bibr5-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113720"},{"key":"bibr6-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq316"},{"key":"bibr7-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000141086.91077.CD"},{"key":"bibr8-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1991.tb05539.x"},{"key":"bibr9-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh048"},{"key":"bibr10-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.841"},{"key":"bibr11-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(02)00029-X"},{"key":"bibr12-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70188-6"},{"key":"bibr13-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2014-08.2008"},{"key":"bibr14-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3846-09.2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr15-15357597211029507","first-page":"1964","volume":"27","author":"Kundishora AJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebr Cortex"},{"key":"bibr16-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.05.05.442811"},{"key":"bibr17-15357597211029507","author":"Sieu L-A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"bibr18-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gummadavelli A, Martin R, Goshay D, et al. Cortical low-frequency power correlates with behavioral impairment in animal model of focal limbic seizures. In review; 2021.","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16964"},{"key":"bibr19-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.058"},{"key":"bibr20-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz295"},{"key":"bibr21-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0101-11.2011"},{"key":"bibr22-15357597211029507","author":"Sieu L-A","year":"2020","journal-title":"AES Abstracts"},{"key":"bibr23-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1011-17.2017"},{"key":"bibr24-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4331-15.2016"},{"key":"bibr25-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.11.008"},{"key":"bibr26-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.09.003"},{"key":"bibr27-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16697"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr28-15357597211029507","first-page":"164","volume":"150","author":"Bartolomei F","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol"},{"key":"bibr29-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.04.050"},{"key":"bibr30-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03690.x"},{"key":"bibr31-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp086"},{"key":"bibr32-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl151"},{"key":"bibr33-15357597211029507","unstructured":"Salardini E, Vaddiparti A, Kumar A, et al. Mechanism of impaired consciousness in frontal lobe seizures investigated with intracranial EEG. AES Abstracts 2020 Abstract No 42 Available at: http:\/\/wwwaesnetorg\/2020."},{"key":"bibr34-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.06.015"},{"key":"bibr35-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70214-X"},{"key":"bibr36-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004587107"},{"key":"bibr37-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16964"},{"key":"bibr38-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.3.FOCUS1535"},{"key":"bibr39-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000794"},{"key":"bibr40-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13740"},{"key":"bibr41-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x"},{"key":"bibr42-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13220"},{"key":"bibr43-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06712.x"},{"key":"bibr44-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06041"},{"key":"bibr45-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.01.005"},{"key":"bibr46-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01129.2015"},{"key":"bibr47-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.09215"},{"key":"bibr48-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1370-20.2020"},{"key":"bibr49-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14677"},{"key":"bibr50-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30295-2"},{"key":"bibr51-15357597211029507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp028"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy Currents"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15357597211029507","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15357597211029507","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15357597211029507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:30:44Z","timestamp":1777408244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15357597211029507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15357597211029507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15357597211029507","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-7597","1535-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-7597","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}