{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:01:20Z","timestamp":1787061680404,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75Q80120D00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75Q80120D00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-603M-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-603M-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001454","name":"American Epilepsy Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001454","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy Curr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This practice guideline from the American Epilepsy Society provides evidence-based recommendations for pharmacological, dietary, and surgical therapies for epilepsy for infants and children from 1 month of age to &lt;36 months. The multidisciplinary panel updated an existing systematic review, which was funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and conducted by ECRI (formerly the Emergency Care Research Institute) on behalf of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The updated review used the same search strategy, inclusion\/exclusion criteria, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Education methodology, and added studies from August 2021 through September 2025 that were not in the original systematic review. As with the previous review, West syndrome and infantile spasms were excluded from this guideline, as existing treatment guidance is already available for infantile epileptic spasms. While many of the recommendations are conditional due to low certainty of evidence, the panel made two strong recommendations: (1) hemispherectomy\/hemispherotomy surgery is recommended for infants and children &lt;36 months of age with drug resistant epilepsy secondary to select underlying lesional pathologies, including but not limited to hemimegaloencephaly, Rasmussen's encephalitis, Sturge-Weber syndrome, perinatal stroke, and hemispheric cortical dysplasia; and (2) intralobar, multilobar, or focal resections or posterior disconnections for drug-resistant focal or lesional epilepsy in this same age range. A treatment algorithm was developed based on evidence and expert opinion as part of the guideline to help place pharmacological, dietary, and surgical recommendations in a clinical context. The limited number of studies and low certainty of evidence in this population underscores the need for higher-quality data and etiology-specific treatments. More research is needed to evaluate effective therapies for infants with epilepsy, as well as the impact these therapies have on long-term developmental and mortality outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15357597261433266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:46:36Z","timestamp":1775655996000},"page":"174-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["American Epilepsy Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Infantile Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Freedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4871-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ifeoluwa","family":"Babatunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1012-4897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3671-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renad","family":"Abu-Sawwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Rush Medical College and University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3867-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dara","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child Neurology at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandana","family":"Behbahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Montefiore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1494-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0266-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Fecske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Overland Park, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5709-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William Davis","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Alliance, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0748-7774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Anne","family":"Meskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dravet Syndrome Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7756-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah Schust","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FamilieSCN2A Foundation, East Longmeadow, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Nye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TESS Research Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7851-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chima","family":"Oluigbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi H.","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3175-3908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rene\u00e9 A.","family":"Shellhaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1758-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1882-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney J.","family":"Wusthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8230-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elissa","family":"Yozawitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab162"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01443.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00506.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3908"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03562.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01461.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17124"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012511"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1646"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1843"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.046527"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2023.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","unstructured":"Treadwell JR Wu M Tsou AY. Management of infantile epilepsies. comparative effectiveness review No. 252. (Prepared by the ECRI\u2013Penn Medicine Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 75Q80120D00002.) AHRQ Publication No. 22(23)-EHC004. PCORI Publication No. 2021-SR-01. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Updated October 25 2022. Accessed May 29 2024. https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/products\/management-infantile-epilepsy\/research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"FDA. DEPAKENE (valproic acid) label. PDF. FDA. Updated 11 2016. Accessed January 30 2026. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2016\/018081s065_018082s048lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","unstructured":"Gloss D. AES Clinical Practice Guideline Development Manual. Chicago IL: American Epilepsy Society; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","unstructured":"(PCORI) P-CORI. Management strategies for infantile epilepsy (a systematic review). Updated December 10 2024. Accessed March 2 2025. https:\/\/www.pcori.org\/research-results\/2020\/management-strategies-infantile-epilepsy-systematic-review"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","unstructured":"(AHRQ) AfHRaQ. Management of infantile epilepsy. Research protocol. AHRQ. Updated July 2021. Accessed February 03 2025. https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/products\/management-infantile-epilepsy\/research-protocol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018024489"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","unstructured":"FDA. KEPPRA (levetiracetam) label. FDA. 2025. Accessed January 30 2026. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2009\/021035s078s080%2C021505s021s024lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2021.4.20210075"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.909191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222550499"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289903800702"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.5211"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17745"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2009.24.6.1078"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2024.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14917"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","unstructured":"FDA. VIMPAT (lacosamide) label. PDF. FDA. Updated 10 2023. Accessed January 30 2026. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/022253s057 022254s047 022255s039lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2005.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-014-9981-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d1cd4c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808317348"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000285493.08622.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820967159"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106535"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17754"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","unstructured":"FDA. BRIVIACT (brivaracetam) label. PDF. FDA. 8 2025. Accessed January 30 2026. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2025\/205836s017 205837s014 205838s015lbl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0387-7604(99)00110-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13836"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.202103_30(1).0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2021.106793"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12137"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-021-2299-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16959"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12791"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16698"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2004.100.2.0125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000437145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000127109.14569.c3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy376"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2759-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2007.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.6.PEDS21521"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1481-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01992.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42494-021-00076-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.128665"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2024.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2013.03.009"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","first-page":"482","article-title":"Hemispherotomy for treatment of refractory epilepsy in children","volume":"156","author":"Roth J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roth J, Nagar S, Constantini S, Fried I. Hemispherotomy for treatment of refractory epilepsy in children. Harefuah. 2017;156(8):482\u2013485.","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04256-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207137"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13134"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16318"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01315.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb05557.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15873"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615335"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.220"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108023450501"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.015"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy Currents"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15357597261433266","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15357597261433266","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15357597261433266","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:47:05Z","timestamp":1778780825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15357597261433266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15357597261433266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15357597261433266","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-7597","1535-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-7597","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]}}}