{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:39:21Z","timestamp":1777941561965,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EB009367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EB009367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Imaging is limited in the evaluation of bacterial infection. Direct imaging of in situ bacteria holds promise for noninvasive diagnosis. We investigated the ability of a bacterial thymidine kinase inhibitor ([\n                      <jats:sup>124<\/jats:sup>\n                      I]FIAU) to image pulmonary and musculoskeletal infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-three patients were prospectively accrued: 16 with suspected musculoskeletal infection, 14 with suspected pulmonary infection, and 3 with known rheumatoid arthritis without infection. Thirty-one patients were imaged with [\n                      <jats:sup>124<\/jats:sup>\n                      I]FIAU PET\/CT and 28 with [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET\/CT. Patient histories were reviewed by an experienced clinician with subspecialty training in infectious diseases and were determined to be positive, equivocal, or negative for infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, negative-predictive value, and accuracy of [\n                      <jats:sup>124<\/jats:sup>\n                      I]FIAU PET\/CT for diagnosing infection were estimated as 7.7% to 25.0%, 0.0%, 50%, 0.0%, and 20.0% to 71.4% for musculoskeletal infections and incalculable-100.0%, 51.7% to 72.7%, 0.0% to 50.0%, 100.0%, and 57.1% to 78.6% for pulmonary infections, respectively. The parameters for [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]FDG PET\/CT were 75.0% to 92.3%, 0.0%, 23.1% to 92.3%, 0.0%, and 21.4% to 85.7%, respectively, for musculoskeletal infections and incalculable to 100.0%, 0.0%, 0.0% to 18.2%, incalculable, and 0.0% to 18.2% for pulmonary infections, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The high number of patients with equivocal clinical findings prevented definitive conclusions from being made regarding the diagnostic efficacy of [\n                      <jats:sup>124<\/jats:sup>\n                      I]FIAU. Future studies using microbiology to rigorously define infection in patients and PET radiotracers optimized for image quality are needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1536012120936876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T15:02:07Z","timestamp":1593442927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of Musculoskeletal and Pulmonary Bacterial Infections With [\n                    <sup>124<\/sup>\n                    I]FIAU PET\/CT"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Steve Y.","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2897-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven P.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lew C.","family":"Schon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rex C.","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq A.","family":"Nayfeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro Orthopedics and Sports Therapy, Potomac, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Clifton O.","family":"Bingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Foss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sridhar","family":"Nimmagadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin G.","family":"Pomper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0780-0"},{"key":"bibr2-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1365838"},{"key":"bibr3-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1371018"},{"key":"bibr4-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.140.3.473"},{"key":"bibr5-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.124087"},{"key":"bibr6-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-017-1055-0"},{"key":"bibr7-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-018-4220-x"},{"key":"bibr8-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180227094454"},{"key":"bibr9-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.04.029"},{"key":"bibr10-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590100555"},{"key":"bibr11-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900501300217"},{"key":"bibr12-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00217-08"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr13-1536012120936876","first-page":"920","volume":"44","author":"Sarda L","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr14-1536012120936876","first-page":"567","volume":"46","author":"Akhtar MS","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr15-1536012120936876","first-page":"788","volume":"42","author":"Welling MM","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"bibr16-1536012120936876","first-page":"2012","volume":"965238","author":"Akhtar MS","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pept"},{"key":"bibr17-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408861102"},{"key":"bibr18-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001007"},{"key":"bibr19-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2016.01.004"},{"key":"bibr20-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596728"},{"key":"bibr21-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-8051(02)00445-6"},{"key":"bibr22-1536012120936876","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30806-x"}],"container-title":["Molecular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1536012120936876","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1536012120936876","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1536012120936876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:28:30Z","timestamp":1777703310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1536012120936876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1536012120936876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1536012120936876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-3508","1536-0121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-3508","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-0121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"article-number":"1536012120936876"}}