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It has a broad etiology with diverse management pathways. Nineteen patients presented with severe and immediate limb-threat ening ischemia. These patients underwent immediate surgical exploration: an embolus was diagnosed in 15 and thrombosis in 4. Twenty-eight patients presented with ischemia of lesser severity, allowing preoperative angiography. Of these 28 patients, 6 had an embolus, 14 had thrombosis, 4 had thoracic outlet syndrome, the remainder had miscellaneous causes. Fifteen patients had upper limb ischemia secondary to arteritis, and 2 patients with dissection of the ascending thoracic aorta presented with upper limb ischemia. Forty-seven patients underwent a surgical procedure, with a morbidity rate of 21% and mortality rate of 19%. Patients presenting with upper limb ischemia tend to have significant co-existing disease. Management of upper limb ischemia requires preoperative and\/or peroperative angiography with careful application of vascular surgical expertise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440103500305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T23:03:41Z","timestamp":1182467021000},"page":"181-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Atraumatic Acute Upper Limb Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sherif","family":"Sultan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Evoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, St James's Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed 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