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To examine the effectiveness of interventions to improve arousal and awareness of people with DoC following a TBI. For this systematic review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched six databases in collaboration with a research librarian. Twenty-seven studies were included and grouped thematically. Multimodal sensory stimulation, familiar voices telling structured stories, and transcranial direct current stimulation had a moderate level of evidence. Multimodal sensory stimulation had the strongest evidence in support of its use in clinical practice. Occupational therapy practitioners should administer multimodal stimuli frequently as studies reported administering these interventions at least twice daily. Occupational therapy practitioners should incorporate personally relevant, meaningful, salient stimuli into interventions when treating patients with DoC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15394492221117779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T07:40:04Z","timestamp":1662018004000},"page":"322-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Interventions Facilitating Recovery of Consciousness Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3964-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Watters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6800-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison M.","family":"Cogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00616"},{"key":"bibr2-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000326"},{"key":"bibr3-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2269"},{"key":"bibr4-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010443000489"},{"key":"bibr5-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.10.018"},{"key":"bibr6-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00826"},{"key":"bibr7-15394492221117779","first-page":"69","volume":"6","author":"Chuaykarn U.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences"},{"key":"bibr8-15394492221117779","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software. (2021). Veritas Health Innovation. www.covidence.org"},{"key":"bibr9-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.12.028"},{"key":"bibr10-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158030"},{"key":"bibr11-15394492221117779","unstructured":"From OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group. (2009). The Oxford levels of evidence. https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/oxford-centre-for-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009"},{"key":"bibr12-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacino J. T., Katz D. I., Schiff N. D., Whyte J., Ashman E. J., Ashwal S., Barbano R., Hammond F. M., Laureys S., Ling G. S. F., Nakase-Richardson R., Seel R. T., Yablon S., Getchius T. S. D., Gronseth G. S., Armstrong M. J. (2018). Practice guideline update recommendations summary: Disorders of consciousness: Report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research [Review]. Neurology, 91(10), 450\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005926","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005926"},{"key":"bibr13-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacino J. T., Schnakers C., RodriguezMoreno D., Kalmar K., Schiff N., Hirsch J. (2009). Behavioral assessment in patients with disorders of consciousness: Gold standard or fool\u2019s gold? Progress in Brain Research, 177, 33\u201348. http:\/\/proxy.library.georgetown.edu\/login?url=http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=emed12&AN=355861373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(09)17704-X"},{"key":"bibr14-15394492221117779","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacino J. T., Whyte J., Nakase-Richardson R., Katz D. I., Arciniegas D. B., Blum S., Day K., Greenwald B. D., Hammond F. M., Pape T. B., Rosenbaum A., Seel R. T., Weintraub A., Yablon S., Zafonte R. D., Zasler N. (2020). Minimum competency recommendations for programs that provide rehabilitation services for persons with disorders of consciousness: A position statement of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems. 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