{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:54:46Z","timestamp":1788274486466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011533","name":"Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["North Carolina Nurses Association - Triangle Regio"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["North Carolina Nurses Association - Triangle Regio"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hisp Health Care Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence suggests that gender may influence many aspects of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) self-management (SM) and we posit that limited English language\u2013proficient Latinx immigrants face additional challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Instruments and semi-structured interviews were used to examine gender differences on health literacy, diabetes knowledge, health-promoting behaviors, diabetes, eating and exercise self-efficacy (SE), and T2DM SM practices among a cohort of limited English language\u2013proficient Latinx immigrants. Statistical and qualitative analysis procedures were performed comparing males and females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty persons participated. Males tended to be older, have higher educational achievement, and more financial security than females. Physiologic measures tended worse among female participants. Health literacy and exercise SE scores were similar, but females scored lower on Eating and Diabetes SE. Forty-seven percent ( n= 9) of the women reported a history of gestational diabetes mellitus and a majority of men ( n = 7) cited difficulty with excessive alcohol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Consumption:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Males appeared to receive more SM support compared to females. Females more frequently noted how family obligations and a lack of support impeded their SM. Work environments negatively influenced SM practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men and women have unique SM challenges and as such require individualized strategies and support to improve T2DM management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15404153211011727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T03:39:53Z","timestamp":1619581193000},"page":"44-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gender Differences and Their Influences on T2DM Self-Management Among Spanish-Speaking Latinx Immigrants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9927-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl A.","family":"Smith-Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Medical Center, Nursing Quality and Research, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Office of Human Research Ethics, University of North Carolina\u2013Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"School of Nursing, University of North Carolina\u2013Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane C.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co-Director Interventions for Preventing and Managing Chronic Illness (T32-NIH\/NINR); Optimizing Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes and their Infants (NIH\/NIDDK); Diabetes Group Visits (Kate B. 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