{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:46:06Z","timestamp":1788997566435,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hisp Health Care Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a condition that is often misunderstood by the medical community. Misunderstandings are exacerbated when a patient is an ethnic minority, and recent literature suggests that ethnic minorities are shown to have a higher prevalence of fibromyalgia. Despite this information, many studies about fibromyalgia are conducted with Anglo-Americans while ethnic minorities are underrepresented. Methods: To address this research gap, this study uses qualitative interviews to discuss the dialogical experiences of Puerto Rican women with fibromyalgia through a combination of intersectional and rhetorical theory. These methodologies can reveal what having various identities can mean when communicating in institutional and cultural settings. Results: The data shows a significant level of gaslighting by providers, which led participants to more aggressively seek proper treatment. Cultural deference towards doctors was also noted as a practice that can backfire, especially when living with a condition that is often dismissed. Conclusion: The results indicate that when the body's truth is filtered through intersectional lenses, this truth can become distorted or lost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15404153211064608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T06:12:31Z","timestamp":1638771151000},"page":"195-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Understanding the Dialogical Experiences of Puerto Rican Women With Fibromyalgia: An Intersectional Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2395-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"De Le\u00f3n-Menjivar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of English, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15404153211064608","volume-title":"On rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse","author":"Aristotle","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr2-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315620160"},{"key":"bibr3-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900103"},{"key":"bibr4-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.022"},{"key":"bibr5-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-013-9496-7"},{"key":"bibr6-15404153211064608","unstructured":"Boomershine C. S. (2020).\n                      What are the race-Related differences in the incidence of fibromyalgia?\n                      Medscape. www.medscape.com\/answers\/329838-18844\/what-are-the-race-related-differences-in-the-incidence-of-fibromyalgia."},{"key":"bibr7-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2009.09.043"},{"key":"bibr8-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016071"},{"key":"bibr9-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110214420.593"},{"key":"bibr10-15404153211064608","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (","author":"Creswell J.W.","year":"2018","edition":"4"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr11-15404153211064608","first-page":"1198","volume":"13","author":"De Ruddere L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Pain Society"},{"key":"bibr12-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e515422010-038"},{"key":"bibr13-15404153211064608","volume-title":"An introduction to qualitative research","author":"Flick U.","year":"2018","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr14-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301706"},{"key":"bibr15-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.01.025"},{"key":"bibr16-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302903"},{"key":"bibr17-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10572252.2018.1425482"},{"key":"bibr18-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kronenfeld J.J. (2018).\n                      Gender, women\u2019s health care concerns and other social factors in health and health care\n                      . Emerald Publishing.","DOI":"10.1108\/S0275-4959201836"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr19-15404153211064608","first-page":"438","volume":"27","author":"Lipsitt D. R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr20-15404153211064608","first-page":"859","volume":"64","author":"Lum I.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"bibr21-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064522"},{"key":"bibr22-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S242699"},{"key":"bibr23-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203141991-12"},{"key":"bibr24-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26818\/9780814214466"},{"key":"bibr201-15404153211064608","unstructured":"Merriam-Webster (n.d.a). Ethos. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved June 2, 2021, from www.merriamwebster.com\/dictionary\/ethos."},{"key":"bibr25-15404153211064608","volume-title":"Rhetorical ethos in health and medicine: Patient credibility, stigma, and misdiagnosis","author":"Molloy C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr26-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898010112440885"},{"key":"bibr27-15404153211064608","unstructured":"Noe-Bustamante L., Flores A., Shah S. (2019).\n                      Facts on Latinos of Puerto Rican origin in the U.S.\n                      [Fact sheet]. Pew Research Center. www.pewresearch.org\/hispanic\/fact-sheet\/u-s-hispanics-facts-on-puerto-rican-origin-latinos\/."},{"key":"bibr28-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429434952"},{"key":"bibr200-15404153211064608","unstructured":"Quick Facts on Fibromyalgia (n.d.).\n                      American Chronic Pain Association\n                      . www.theacpa.org\/conditions-treatments\/conditionsa-z\/fibromyalgia\/two-takes-on-fibro\/quick-facts-onfibromyalgia\/#:\u25a1:text=Prevalence,of%20fibromyalgia%20sufferers%20are%20female."},{"key":"bibr29-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315619380"},{"key":"bibr30-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557850701616987"},{"key":"bibr31-15404153211064608","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.167"},{"key":"bibr32-15404153211064608","unstructured":"Roseta K. (2020).\n                      Medical gaslighting\n                      . More Than Lupus. www.morethanlupus.com\/post\/medical-gaslighting#:\u223c:text=Medical%20gaslighting%20is%20when%20a,something%20else%2C%20or%20even%20imaginary."},{"key":"bibr33-15404153211064608","unstructured":"Rungta R. 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