{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T10:49:23Z","timestamp":1791715763688,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Question:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      What is the current lifetime prevalence of infertility in the U.S., and how do U.S. adults view access to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization (IVF) and state-mandated insurance coverage?\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional data were analyzed from a nationally weighted online survey of 1,000 U.S. adults in November 2024. Survey-weighted descriptive statistics estimated lifetime infertility prevalence and support for the right to access IVF and for state-mandated IVF insurance coverage. Survey-adjusted chi-square tests assessed differences in support across sociodemographic groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample included adults aged 18\u201387 years (median age 51 years). Lifetime infertility prevalence was 8.9% (95% CI: 7.2\u201311.0). Most respondents supported IVF access for infertility patients (74.2%; 95% CI: 70.9\u201377.2), and approximately two-thirds supported state-mandated IVF insurance coverage (64.6%; 95% CI: 61.2\u201367.7). Support for IVF access varied significantly by age (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), education (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), income (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), race\/ethnicity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01), political leaning (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), and infertility experience (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Lower support was observed among adults ages 18\u201329 and 30\u201349, those with lower income or educational attainment, Black respondents, Independents\/Independent-leaning respondents, and individuals without personal or secondhand infertility experience. Support for state-mandated IVF insurance coverage varied by education (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), income (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), political leaning (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), and infertility experience (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), with the lowest support among respondents with lower income or education, Republican\/Republican-leaning respondents, and those without infertility experience.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 1 in 11 U.S. adults has experienced infertility. Although support varied across demographic and political groups, most Americans support IVF access and insurance mandates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15409996261467343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T08:47:28Z","timestamp":1783500448000},"page":"1061-1070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infertility Prevalence and Public Support for\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Fertilization Policies in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3773-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah E.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research &amp; Action Center, Kingwood, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Kathryn","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research &amp; Action Center, Kingwood, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Kawwass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey J.","family":"Gaskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","unstructured":"1.RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association. Insurance coverage by state. RESOLVE; 2025. Available from: https:\/\/resolve.org\/learn\/financial-resources\/insurance-coverage\/insurance-coverage-by-state\/ [Last accessed: May9 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"2.LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine No. SC-2022-0515 (Ala. Feb. 16 2024). 2024. Available from: https:\/\/statecourtreport.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-02\/lepage-v-center-for-reproductive-medicine-alabama-supreme-court-02.16.2024.pdf [Last accessed: February25 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","unstructured":"3.The White House. Expanding access to in vitro fertilization. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/02\/expanding-access-to-in-vitro-fertilization\/ [Last accessed: April2 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"4.Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Infertility. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.nichd.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/factsheets\/infertility [Last accessed: April2 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","unstructured":"5.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infertility: FastStats. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/infertility.htm [Last accessed: February25 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"6.World Health Organization. Infertility: A tabulation of available data on prevalence of primary and secondary infertility. World Health Organization; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/366700\/9789240068315-eng.pdf [Last accessed: April2 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"7.Pew Research Center. Americans overwhelmingly say access to IVF is a good thing. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2024\/05\/13\/americans-overwhelmingly-say-access-to-ivf-is-a-good-thing\/ [Last accessed: March9 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","unstructured":"8.Inc G. Americans back IVF; divide on morality of destroying embryos. Gallup; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/646025\/americans-back-ivf-divide-morality-destroying-embryos.aspx [Last accessed: March11 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfre.2021.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02687-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","unstructured":"12.Verasight. 2024 APHA Omnibus Survey. APHA; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/verasight-apha-2024.tiiny.co\/ [Last accessed: March15 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","volume-title":"Release 18","author":"StataBE","year":"2023","unstructured":"13.StataBE. Release 18. StataCorp LLC; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","unstructured":"14.HHS job cuts: Entire CDC team focused on infertility and IVF is \u201cgone\u201d. Forbes; 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbestv\/2025\/04\/03\/hhs-job-cuts-entire-cdc-team-focused-on-infertility-and-ivf-is-gone\/ [Last accessed: April7 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00984-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","unstructured":"20.The White House. Fact sheet: President Donald J. Trump announces actions to lower costs and expand access to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and high-quality fertility care. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/fact-sheets\/2025\/10\/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-announces-actions-to-lower-costs-and-expand-access-to-in-vitro-fertilization-ivf-and-high-quality-fertility-care\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mean age of mother, 1970\u20132000","volume":"51","author":"Mathews TJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"21.Mathews TJ, , Hamilton BE. Mean age of mother, 1970\u20132000. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2002;51(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15409996261467343","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15409996261467343","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15409996261467343","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T10:21:14Z","timestamp":1791714074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15409996261467343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15409996261467343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15409996261467343","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-9996","1931-843X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9996","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-843X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]}}}