{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T12:33:12Z","timestamp":1777811592419,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Our knowledge on the bonding mechanisms between the metal and ceramic parts of dental systems is very limited. This work tested the hypothesis that the details of the interface processes can be described in the framework of a chemical diffusion model. The development of interfacial phases was investigated by cross-sectional analytical transmission electron microscopy between a NiCr (Wiron 99) alloy and three different dental ceramics (Carat, Vita VMK 95, and Vision). All systems were investigated at normal firing conditions (suggested by the manufacturer) and at increased firing times as well. The conclusions are based on the results that the formation of a nanocrystalline Cr\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    layer and amorphous silicon oxide inclusions were detected in the early stage of the firing process in all investigated systems, and that, in the case of Carat and Vision ceramics, formation of complex NiCr and NiCrTi oxides was also observed at longer annealing times.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It is shown by transmission electron microscopy that, in the reaction processes taking place at the NiCr alloy\/dental ceramics interface, nanocrystalline Cr\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    first forms and amorphous silicon oxide inclusions appear, then, at longer firing times, complex NiCr and NiCrTi oxides form.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910208100509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"334-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparative Microstructural Study of the Diffusion Zone between NiCr Alloy and Different Dental Ceramics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Hegedu\ufffds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Institute of Dental Science, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Debrecen, Hungary Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012, Hungary; and"},{"name":"University of Debrecen, Department of Solid State Physics, Hungary;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Dar\u00f3czi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Institute of Dental Science, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Debrecen, Hungary Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012, Hungary; and"},{"name":"University of Debrecen, Department of Solid State Physics, Hungary;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"K\u00f6k\u00e9nyesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Institute of Dental Science, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Debrecen, Hungary Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012, Hungary; and"},{"name":"University of Debrecen, Department of Solid State Physics, Hungary;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.L.","family":"Beke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Institute of Dental Science, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Debrecen, Hungary Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012, Hungary; and"},{"name":"University of Debrecen, Department of Solid State Physics, Hungary;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ANUSAVICE-ETAL-1977A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345770560090401"},{"key":"ANUSAVICE-ETAL-1977B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820110506"},{"key":"CONFORTO-AND-SCHMID-2001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01418610108216618"},{"key":"INOUE-ETAL-1992","unstructured":"Inoue K, Murakami T, Terada Y -1992- The bond strength of porcelain to Ni-Cr alloy\u2013the influence of thin or chromium plating. Int J Prosthodont5:262\u2013268."},{"key":"IWAMOTO-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwamoto N, Umesaki N, Haibara Y -1987- Silicon nitride joining with glass soldier in the CaO-SiO\n                      2\n                      -TiO\n                      2\n                      system; proceedings of the First Seiken International Symposium on Interface Structure, Properties and Diffusion Bonding, Tokyo, Japan. In: Studies in physical and theoretical chemistry. Ishida Y, editor. Tokyo: Elsevier, pp. 89-105.","DOI":"10.1016\/0267-3762(87)90056-7"},{"key":"KLOMP-1987","unstructured":"Klomp JT -1987- Interface chemistry and structure of metal-ceramics interfaces. Proceedings of the First Seiken International Symposium on Interface Structure, Properties and Diffusion Bonding, Tokyo, Japan. In: Studies in physical and theoretical chemistry. Ishida Y, editor. Tokyo: Elsevier, pp. 3-24."},{"key":"MIZUTANI-1990","unstructured":"Mizutani M -1990- Study on high temperature oxidation of Ni-Cr ceramic alloys. Aichi-Gakuin J Dent Sci28:59\u201378."},{"key":"PASK-AND-TOMSIA-1988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345880670090501"},{"key":"RINGLE-ETAL-1979","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345790580100501"},{"key":"SMITHELLS-1976","unstructured":"Smithells CJ, editor -1976- Metals reference book. London: Butterworth's, p. 862."},{"key":"WATANABE-ETAL-1989","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Okawa S, Miyakawa O, Nakano S, Shiokawa N, Kobayashi M -1989- Reactions at the nonprecious metal-ceramic interface during porcelain firing -3- A commercial alloy forming much Cr oxide during firing. Shika Zairo Kikai9:453\u2013462."},{"key":"WILLIAMS-ETAL-1978","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345780570021501"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/154405910208100509","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/154405910208100509","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/154405910208100509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:03:29Z","timestamp":1777496609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/154405910208100509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/154405910208100509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/154405910208100509","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}