{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:28:08Z","timestamp":1788870488439,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Transmission of HIV-1 through the oral cavity is considered to be a rare event. To identify factors in resistance\/susceptibility to oral HIV-1 infection, we analyzed expression in human gingiva of HIV-1 receptors Langerin, DC-SIGN, MR, and GalCer, HIV-1 co-receptors CCCR5, CXCR4, and anti-microbial protein \u03b1-defensin-1. Our results show that healthy gingiva is infiltrated with cells expressing all HIV-1 receptors tested; however, there are very few CCR5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells and a complete absence of CXCR4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells in the lamina propria. In chronic periodontitis (CP), DC-SIGN, MR, CXCR4, and CCR5 increase, but this was accompanied by a ten-fold increase in \u03b1-defensin-1 mRNA. The CCR5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells were revealed to be T-cells, macrophages, and dermal dendritic cells. Moreover, epithelial expression of GalCer and CXCR4 together was not apical and showed no trend with underlying inflammation. Thus, low expression of HIV-1 co-receptors in health and high expression of \u03b1-defensin during CP may comprise endogenous factors that provide protection from oral HIV-1 infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"371-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Increase in HIV Receptors\/Co-receptors\/\u03b1-defensins in Inflamed Human Gingiva"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Jotwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, 110 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook University-SUNY, Stony Brook, NY, USA 11794-8703;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Muthukuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, 110 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook University-SUNY, Stony Brook, NY, USA 11794-8703;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.W.","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, 110 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook University-SUNY, Stony Brook, NY, USA 11794-8703;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"AGERBERTH-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.9.3086"},{"key":"BARON-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315251"},{"key":"CHANG-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.12.6777-6784.2003"},{"key":"COHEN-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02500-9"},{"key":"DALE-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.360503.x"},{"key":"DALE-2002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.03007.x"},{"key":"DUNSCHE-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2001.300305.x"},{"key":"DWINELL-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1999.0029900359"},{"key":"GRAVES-AND-COCHRAN-2003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.3.391"},{"key":"HUANG-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1196-1240"},{"key":"JAMESON-ETAL-2002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.4.1866-1875.2002"},{"key":"JOTWANI-AND-CUTLER-2003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200915"},{"key":"JOTWANI-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.8.4693"},{"key":"JUFFERMANS-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.8.2649"},{"key":"KEDZIERSKA-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.369"},{"key":"LIU-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.6.3470-3476.2003"},{"key":"MACKEWICZ-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200301030-00005"},{"key":"MANDEL-1972","unstructured":"Mandel ID, editor (1972). 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