{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:03:46Z","timestamp":1791644626549,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play important roles in root resorption of human deciduous teeth by odontoclasts (osteoclast-like cells). However, it is unclear how PDL cells regulate osteoclastogenesis. We examined the effects of PTHrP, TGF-\u03b2, and EGF, which are all secreted by the tooth germ, on tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase-positive (TRAP\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) cell formation using co-cultures of human PDL cells and mouse spleen cells. Only PTHrP promoted TRAP\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell formation in co-cultures. PTHrP induced receptor activator of NF-\u03baB ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression and slightly reduced osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in PDL cells. The cAMP\/PKA inhibitors Rp-cAMP, H89, and PKI did not affect PTHrP-induced TRAP\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell formation. The PKC inhibitor, Ro-32-0432, suppressed RANKL expression in PDL cells and PTHrP-induced TRAP\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell formation. However, this inhibitor directly modulated the number of osteoclast precursors. Thus, PTHrP induces osteoclastogenesis by increasing the relative expression level of RANKL vs. OPG in PDL cells via a cAMP\/PKA-independent pathway. Abbreviations: PTHrP, parathyroid-hormone-related protein; TGF-\u03b2, transforming growth factor-\u03b2; EGF, epidermal growth factor; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-\u03baB ligand; OPG, osteoprotegerin; PDL, periodontal ligament; TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; PKA, protein kinase A; PKC, protein kinase C; MAP, mitogen-activated protein; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; cAMP, cyclic Adenosine 3\u20325\u2032-Monophosphate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"329-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Parathyroid-hormone-related Protein Induces Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-\u03baB Ligand in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells\n                    <i>via<\/i>\n                    a cAMP\/Protein Kinase A-independent Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology and"},{"name":"Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura 2-15-11, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Jimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology and"},{"name":"Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura 2-15-11, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kajiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology and"},{"name":"Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura 2-15-11, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Motokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology and"},{"name":"Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura 2-15-11, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology and"},{"name":"Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura 2-15-11, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, 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