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The present study used isolated superfused rat dental pulp to test the hypothesis that capsaicin receptors are activated in inflamed tissue, as measured by alterations in neuropeptide release. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in the tissue temperature and pH of isolated superfused rat dental pulp regulate capsaicin-induced release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Application of capsaicin with increased proton concentration ( i.e., lowered pH) produced a nearly two-fold increase in peak immunoreactive CGRP release, as compared with capsaicin applied at a pH of 7.4. Reduction in tissue temperature from 37\u00b0C to 26\u00b0C completely blocked the capsaicin effect. The study indicates that environmental stimuli regulate the activity of capsaicin-sensitive neurons innervating dental pulp, and these factors may be significant clinically in the development and amelioration of dental pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"1046-1049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Tissue pH and Temperature Regulate Pulpal Nociceptors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"H.E.","family":"Goodis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, UCSF, 707 Parnasssus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; and"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics and"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, UCSF, 707 Parnasssus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; and"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics and"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.M.","family":"Hargreaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, UCSF, 707 Parnasssus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; and"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics and"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BABES-ETAL-2002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02443-0"},{"key":"BEVAN-AND-GEPPETTI-1994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(94)90149-X"},{"key":"BOWLES-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200413"},{"key":"BRANDNER-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14995.x"},{"key":"BUCK-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(99)80116-2"},{"key":"CATERINA-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39807"},{"key":"CESARE-AND-MCNAUGHTON-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15435"},{"key":"CHAUDHARY-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800060801"},{"key":"CHIDIAC-ETAL-2002A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/eujp.2001.0305"},{"key":"CHIDIAC-ETAL-2002B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8719(02)00164-8"},{"key":"DAVIS-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35012076"},{"key":"FRANCO-CERECEDA-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(87)90117-3"},{"key":"GOODIS-ETAL-2000A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790081301"},{"key":"GOODIS-ETAL-2000B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200005000-00001"},{"key":"HARGREAVES-ETAL-1992","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81329-4"},{"key":"IKEDA-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760070301"},{"key":"JU-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218323"},{"key":"KEREZOUDIS-ETAL-1994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1994.tb09722.x"},{"key":"KILO-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00265-G"},{"key":"KRESS-AND-REEH-1996A","unstructured":"Kress M, Reeh PW -1996a- Chemical excitations and sensitization in nociceptors. 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