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Expression of BDNF mRNA has been identified in the submandibular glands when male rats are exposed to acute immobilization stress. In the present study, we investigated whether plasma BDNF is influenced by the submandibular glands in this model. Acute immobilization stress for 60 min significantly increased the level of plasma BDNF. However, plasma BDNF elevation was markedly suppressed in bilaterally sialoadenectomized rats. There were no significant differences between stressed (60 min) and non-stressed rats with respect to the BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, or spleen, as determined by real-time polymerase chain-reaction. These findings suggest that the submandibular glands may be the primary source of plasma BDNF in conditions of acute immobilization stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"260-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Submandibular Glands Contribute to Increases in Plasma BDNF Levels"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Tsukinoki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Division of Pathology,"},{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, and"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Division of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, 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