{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:03:22Z","timestamp":1792649002321,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome is a common autoimmune rheumatic disease. The most common symptoms of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome are extreme tiredness, along with dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia). Saliva plays an essential role in numerous functions of the mouth. Xerostomia can be caused by medications, chronic diseases like Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome, and medical treatments, such as radiation therapy and bone marrow transplant. Xerostomia can eventually lead to difficulty in swallowing, severe and progressive tooth decay, or oral infections. Despite having excellent oral hygiene, individuals with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome have elevated levels of dental caries, along with the loss of many teeth, early in the disease. Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome alters the protein profile and brings about a change in the composition of saliva. There is an increase in the levels of lactoferrin, \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -microglobulin, sodium, lysozyme C, and cystatin C, and a decrease in salivary amylase and carbonic anhydrase. Up to 90% of individuals with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome have antibodies targeting the Ro 60 and La autoantigens. Natural aging, regardless of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome, is also another factor that brings about a significant change in the composition of saliva. The most prevailing cause of xerostomia in elderly persons is the use of anticholinergic medications. Currently, there is no cure for Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome, and treatment is mainly palliative.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"308-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Oral Manifestations of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"S.A.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;"},{"name":"Dept. of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center;"},{"name":"Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City; and"},{"name":"University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.T.","family":"Kurien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;"},{"name":"Dept. of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center;"},{"name":"Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City; and"},{"name":"University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.H.","family":"Scofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;"},{"name":"Dept. of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center;"},{"name":"Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City; and"},{"name":"University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ALEXANDER-ETAL-1986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-3-323"},{"key":"AMARASENA-AND-BOWMAN-2007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.7-1-53"},{"key":"AMBUDKAR-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411000110010301"},{"key":"ASSELIN-PATUREL-AND-TRINCHIERI-2005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051395"},{"key":"ASTOR-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139907800707"},{"key":"BACMAN-ETAL-2001","unstructured":"Bacman S, Berra A, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E -2001- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antibodies as a new marker of dry eye Sj\u00f6gren syndrome. 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