{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:14:24Z","timestamp":1787019264758,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oral Biology &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mast cells are mobile granule-containing secretory cells that are distributed preferentially about the microvascular endothelium in oral mucosa and dental pulp. The enzyme profile of mast cells in oral tissues resembles that of skin, with most mast cells expressing the serine proteases tryptase and chymase. Mast cells in oral tissues contain the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 in their granules, and release of this promotes leukocyte infiltration during evolving inflammation in several conditions, including lichen planus, gingivitis, pulpitis, and periapical inflammation, through induction of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules. Mast cell synthesis and release of other mediators exerts potent immunoregulatory effects on other cell types, while several T-lymphocyte-derived cytokines influence mast cell migration and mediator release. Mast cell proteases may contribute to alterations in basement membranes in inflammation in the oral cavity, such as the disruptions that allow cytotoxic lymphocytes to enter the epithelium in oral lichen planus. A close relationship exists among mast cells, neural elements, and laminin, and this explains the preferential distribution of mast cells in tissues. Mast cells are responsive to neuropeptides and, through their interaction with neural elements, form a neural immune network with Langerhans cells in mucosal tissues. This facilitates mast cell degranulation in response to a range of immunological and non-immunological stimuli. Because mast cells play a pivotal role in inflammation, therapies that target mast cell functions could have value in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders in the oral cavity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:40:32Z","timestamp":1231443632000},"page":"188-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["M\n                    <scp>ast<\/scp>\n                    C\n                    <scp>ells and<\/scp>\n                    O\n                    <scp>ral<\/scp>\n                    I\n                    <scp>nflammation<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Laurence J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 200 Turbot Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ABRAHAM-AND-AROCK-1998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1998.0140"},{"key":"ANASTHANAS-PLATSIS-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(94)00152-2"},{"key":"ASAHINA-ETAL-1995","unstructured":"Asahina A, Hosoi J, Murphy GF, Granstein RD (1995). Calcitonin gene-related peptide modulates Langerhans cell antigen presenting function. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 107:242\u2013244."},{"key":"BACCI-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12330994"},{"key":"BARTOLD-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartold PM, Walsh LJ, Narayanan AS (2000). Molecular and cell biology of the gingiva. Periodontology 2000 24:28\u201355.","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2240103.x"},{"key":"BEVILACQUA-1993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.004003"},{"key":"BIENENSTOCK-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000234197"},{"key":"BLENNERHASSETT-ETAL-1991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318146"},{"key":"BURD-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.1.245"},{"key":"CAUGHEY-1994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/150.6_Pt_2.S138"},{"key":"CAUGHEY-ETAL-1988","unstructured":"Caughey GH, Leidig F, Viro NF, Nadel JA (1988). Substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide degradation by mast cell tryptase and chymase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244:133\u2013137."},{"key":"CHAKRAVARTY-1983","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1983.tb01101.x"},{"key":"CHRISTOFIDOU-SOLOMIDOU-ETAL-1996","unstructured":"Christofidou-Solomidou M, Murphy GF, Albelda SM (1996). Induction of E-selectin-dependent leukocyte recruitment by mast cell degranulation in human skin grafts transplanted on SCID mice. Am J Pathol 148:177\u2013188."},{"key":"CHURCH-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000234752"},{"key":"COCCHIARA-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00060-F"},{"key":"CRAIG-ETAL-1988","unstructured":"Craig SS, Schechter NM, Schwartz LB (1988). Ultrastructural analysis of human T and TC mast cells identified by immunoelectron microscopy. Lab Invest 58:682\u2013691."},{"key":"CUMBERBATCH-AND-KIMBER-1992","unstructured":"Cumberbatch M, Kimber I (1992). Dermal tumour necrosis factor-alpha induces dendritic cell migration to draining lymph nodes, and possibly provides one stimulus for Langerhans\u2019 cell migration. Immunology 75:257\u2013263."},{"key":"CUMBERBATCH-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01187.x"},{"key":"EADY-1976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1976.tb01436.x"},{"key":"EGAN-ETAL-1998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01685.x"},{"key":"ENGELMANN-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engelmann H, Novick D, Wallach D (1990). Two tumor necrosis factor-binding proteins purified from human urine. Evidence for immunological cross-reactivity with cell surface tumor necrosis factor receptors. J Biol Chem 265:1531\u20131536.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)40049-5"},{"key":"FARNOUSH-1984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(84)80057-6"},{"key":"FELTEN-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490180107"},{"key":"FERRANTE-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.23.637"},{"key":"FRANDJI-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830261036"},{"key":"FRANITZA-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.5.2738"},{"key":"GALLI-1993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301283280408"},{"key":"GEMMELL-ETAL-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gemmell E, Walsh LJ, Savage NW, Seymour GJ (1993). Adhesion molecule expression in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease tissue. J Periodontal Res 29:46\u201353.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1994.tb01090.x"},{"key":"GENTNER-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentner MR, Savage NW, Walsh LJ (1996). Modulation of dental pulp adhesion molecule expression\n                      in vitro\n                      . Aust Endodont Newsl 22:32\u201334.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4477.1996.tb00052.x"},{"key":"GIBSON-ETAL-1984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-12-03101.1984"},{"key":"GRUBER-ETAL-1988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruber BL, Schwartz LB, Ramamurthy NS, Irani A-M, Marchese MJ (1988). Activation of latent rheumatoid synovial collagenase by human mast cell tryptase. J Immunol 140:3936\u20133942.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.11.3936"},{"key":"GRUBER-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114344"},{"key":"HEINE-AND-FORSTER-1975","unstructured":"Heine H, Forster FJ (1975). Relationship between mast cells and preterminal nerve fibres. Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 89:934\u2013937."},{"key":"HERVE-ETAL-1992","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.12.3362.bloodjournal79123362"},{"key":"HOSOI-ETAL-1993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/363159a0"},{"key":"HSIEH-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284819"},{"key":"IOFFREDA-ETAL-1993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12363632"},{"key":"IRANI-ETAL-1986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.12.4464"},{"key":"ISHII-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00859.x"},{"key":"JOHNSON-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90636-3"},{"key":"JONTELL-ETAL-1986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00622.x"},{"key":"KAMINER-ETAL-1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaminer MS, Murphy GF, Walsh LJ, Whitaker D, Zweiman B, Lavker RM (1991). Extracellular localization of human connective tissue mast cell granule contents. J Invest Dermatol 96:857\u2013863.","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12475169"},{"key":"KAMINER-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.2.3.297-301.1995"},{"key":"KLEIN-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.22.8972"},{"key":"KLIGMAN-AND-MURPHY-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03002.x"},{"key":"KOBAYASHI-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00808.x"},{"key":"KOTOWICZ-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00061.x"},{"key":"KOWALSKI-AND-KALINER-1988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalski ML, Kaliner MA (1988). Neurogenic inflammation, vascular permeability, nad mast cells. J Immunol 140:3905\u20133911.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.11.3905"},{"key":"KUPPER-ETAL-1990","unstructured":"Kupper TS, Schechter N, Lazarus G, Mizutani H (1990). Rapid and specific conversion of inactive precursor IL-1 beta to mature active IL-1 by human mast cell chymase: a role for mast cell chymase in the initiation of inflammatory responses. J Invest Dermatol 94:545\u2013548."},{"key":"LAVKER-AND-SCHECHTER-1985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavker RM, Schechter NM (1985). Cutaneous mast cell depletion results from topical corticosteroid usage. J Immunol 135:2368\u20132371.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.4.2368"},{"key":"LAZARUS-ETAL-1991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(91)90002-F"},{"key":"LE-GREVES-ETAL-1985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90706-X"},{"key":"LEES-ETAL-1994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18980.x"},{"key":"LEEUWENBERG-ETAL-1994","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leeuwenberg JFM, Jeunhomme TM, Buurman WA (1994). Slow release of soluble TNF receptors by monocytes\n                      in vitro\n                      . J Immunol 152:4036\u20134043.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.8.4036"},{"key":"LOVE-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1996.0137"},{"key":"LUNDBERG-ETAL-1986","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundberg JM, Franco-Cereceda A, Hua X, Hokfelt T, Fischer MG (1986). Coexistence of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in sensory nerves in relation to cardiovascular and bronchoconstriction effects of capsaicin. Eur J Pharmacol 108:315\u2013319.","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90456-X"},{"key":"MAJNO-AND-PALADE-1961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majno G, Palade G (1961). Studies on inflammation. II. The site of action of histamine and serotonin on vascular permeability: an electron microscopic study. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 11:564\u2013571.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.11.3.571"},{"key":"MALAVIYA-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malaviya R, Twesten NJ, Ross EA, Abraham SN, Pfeifer JD (1996). Mast cells process bacterial antigens through a phagocytic route for class I MHC presentation to T cells. J Immunol 156:1490\u20131496.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.4.1490"},{"key":"MARSHALL-AND-WASERMAN-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01013.x"},{"key":"MATIS-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874665"},{"key":"MATSSON-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1995.tb00119.x"},{"key":"MING-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ming WJ, Bersani L, Mantovani I (1987). Tumor necrosis factor is chemotactic for monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Immunol 138:1469\u20131474.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.5.1469"},{"key":"MIROWSKI-ETAL-1990","unstructured":"Mirowski G, Austen KF, Chiang L, Horan RF, Sheffer AL, Weidner N,\n                      et al\n                      . (1990). Characterization of cellular dermal infiltrates in human cutaneous mastocytosis. Lab Invest 63:52\u201362."},{"key":"MOLLER-ETAL-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moller A, Lippert U, Lessmann D, Kolde G, Hamann K, Welker P,\n                      et al\n                      . (1993). Human mast cells produce IL-8. J Immunol 151:3261\u20133266.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.6.3261"},{"key":"MURPHY-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy GF (1993). The secret of NIN: a novel neural-immunological network potentially integral to immunologic function in human skin. In: Dermal immune system. Nickoloff BJ, editor. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 227-242.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429261893-12"},{"key":"MURPHY-ETAL-1985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00409219"},{"key":"MURPHY-ETAL-1986","unstructured":"Murphy GF, Messadi D, Fonferko E, Hancock WW (1986). Phenotypic transformation of macrophages to Langerhans cells in the skin. Am J Pathol 123:401\u2013406."},{"key":"MURPHY-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(87)90015-7"},{"key":"MURPHY-ETAL-1994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12373016"},{"key":"MYERS-ETAL-1991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.3.970"},{"key":"OCHI-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.180318697"},{"key":"OSBORN-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90775-7"},{"key":"OSTENSEN-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostensen M, Thiele D, Lipsky P (1987). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha enhances cytolytic activity of human natural killer cells. J Immunol 138:4185\u20134191.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.12.4185"},{"key":"PATEL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel KD (1999). Mechanisms of selective leukocyte recruitment from whole blood on cytokine-activated endothelial cells under flow conditions. J Immunol 162:6209\u20136216.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.6209"},{"key":"PAYAN-1992","unstructured":"Payan DG (1992). The role of neuropeptides in inflammation. In: Inflammation. Basic principles and clinical correlates. 2nd ed. Gallin JI, Goldstein IM, Snyderman R, editors. New York: Raven Press, pp. 177-192."},{"key":"PAYAN-ETAL-1984","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Payan DG, Levine JD, Goetzl J (1984). Modulation of immunity and hypersensitivity by sensory neuropeptides. J Immunol 132:1601\u20131605.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.132.4.1601"},{"key":"PHILIP-AND-EPSTEIN-1986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/323086a0"},{"key":"PIOTROWSKI-AND-FOREMAN-1986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02777.x"},{"key":"POBER-ETAL-1985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pober JS, Bevilacqua MP, Mendrick DL, Lapierre LA, Fiers W, Gimbrone MA (1985). Two distinct monokines, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, each independently induce biosynthesis and transient expression of the same antigen on the surface of cultured human vascular endothelial cells. J Immunol 136:1680\u20131687.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.5.1680"},{"key":"PUJIC-ETAL-1998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00022744-199809000-00008"},{"key":"PURCELL-AND-ATTERWILL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01694534"},{"key":"ROBINET-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinet E, Branellec D, Termijtelen AM (1990). Evidence for tumour necrosis factor-alpha involvement in the optimal induction of class 1 allospecific cytotoxic T cells. J Immunol 144:4555\u20134561.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.12.4555"},{"key":"RUBINSTEIN-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114744"},{"key":"RUOKONEN-ETAL-1993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb00116.x"},{"key":"SARIA-ETAL-1986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90376-9"},{"key":"SCHWARTZ-ETAL-1985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(85)90699-2"},{"key":"SCHWARTZ-ETAL-1987","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz LB, Irani A-M, Roller K, Castells MC, Schechter NM (1987). Quantitation of histamine, tryptase, and chymase in dispersed human T and TC mast cells. Immunology 138:2611\u20132615.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.8.2611"},{"key":"SEPULVEDA-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sepulveda H, Cerwenka A, Morgan T, Dutton RW (1999). CD28, IL-2-independent costimulatory pathways for CD8 T lymphocyte activation. J Immunol 163:1133\u20131142.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.3.1133"},{"key":"SEYMOUR-ETAL-1995","unstructured":"Seymour GJ, Savage NW, Walsh LJ (1995). Immunology for the health sciences. Sydney: McGraw-Hill, pp. 82-85."},{"key":"SHEFFER-ETAL-1985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(85)80021-X"},{"key":"SHELLEY-AND-JUHLIN-1976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/261046a0"},{"key":"SILBERBERG-ETAL-1976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12482139"},{"key":"SILVER-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)81863-7"},{"key":"SKOFITSCH-ETAL-1985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00502084"},{"key":"SOTER-AND-AUSTEN-1976","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12514349"},{"key":"STEAD-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90627-6"},{"key":"STEVENS-AND-AUSTEN-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(89)90272-7"},{"key":"SUEKI-ETAL-1993","unstructured":"Sueki H, Whitaker D, Buchsbaum M, Murphy GF (1993). Novel interactions between dermal dendrocytes and mast cells in human skin: implications for hemostasis and matrix repair. Lab Invest 69:160\u2013172."},{"key":"SUGERMAN-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1996.tb01375.x"},{"key":"SUGERMAN-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugerman PB, Savage NW, Zhou XJ, Walsh LJ, Bigby M (2000). Oral lichen planus. Clin Dermatol 18:533\u2013539.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00142-5"},{"key":"SUTTON-AND-GOULD-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sutton BJ, Gould HJ (1993). The human IgE network. Nature 366:424\u2013428.","DOI":"10.1038\/366421a0"},{"key":"THEOHARIDES-1996","unstructured":"Theoharides TC (1996). The mast cell: a neuroimmunoendocrine master player. Int J Tissue React 18:1\u201318."},{"key":"THOMAS-AND-WALSH-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas GJ, Walsh LJ (1997). Role of substance P in inflammation in dental pulp. Aust Endodont Newsl 23:38\u201340.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4477.1997.tb00592.x"},{"key":"UNDEM-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Undem BJ, Riccio MM, Weinreich D, Ellis JL, Myers AC (1995). Neurophysiology of mast cell-nerve interactions in the airways. Neuroallergology 107:199\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1159\/000236976"},{"key":"WAKISAKA-1990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81566-9"},{"key":"WALDORF-ETAL-1991","unstructured":"Waldorf HA, Walsh LJ, Schechter NM, Murphy GF (1991). Early cellular events during evolving cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in humans. Am J Pathol 138:477\u2013486."},{"key":"WALSH-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1995.37"},{"key":"WALSH-AND-MURPHY-1992A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1992.tb01654.x"},{"key":"WALSH-AND-MURPHY-1992B","unstructured":"Walsh LJ, Murphy GF (1992b). Langerhans cells are intimately associated with intra-epithelial nerves (abstract). J Dent Res 71(Spec Iss):993."},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(89)90073-3"},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1990A","unstructured":"Walsh LJ, Lavker RM, Murphy GF (1990a). Determinants of immune cell trafficking in the skin. Lab Invest 63:592\u2013600."},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1990B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00820.x"},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1990C","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00866.x"},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1991A","unstructured":"Walsh LJ, Kaminer MS, Lazarus GS, Lavker RM, Murphy GF (1991a). Role of laminin in localization of human dermal mast cells. Lab Invest 65:433\u2013440."},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1991B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4220"},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1991C","unstructured":"Walsh LJ, Goerdt S, Pober JS, Sueki H, Murphy GF (1991c). MS-1 sinusoidal endothelial antigen is expressed by Factor XIIIa+, HLA-DR+ dermal perivascular dendritic cells. Lab Invest 65:732\u2013741."},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh LJ, Davis MF, Xu LJ, Savage NW (1995). Relationship between mast cell degranulation, release of TNF, and inflammation in the oral cavity. J Oral Pathol Med 26:266\u2013272.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01180.x"},{"key":"WALSH-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199602150-00017"},{"key":"WEISS-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12613587"},{"key":"WELLE-1997","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.61.3.233"},{"key":"WHITAKER-MENEZES-ETAL-1995","unstructured":"Whitaker-Menezes D, Schechter NM, Murphy GF (1995). Serine proteases are regionally segregated within mast cell granules. Lab Invest 72:34\u201341."},{"key":"WILLE-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000029842"},{"key":"WYNNE-ETAL-1988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1988.59.5.328"},{"key":"ZHAO-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao ZZ, Savage NW, Pujic Z, Walsh LJ (1997). Immunohistochemical localization of mast cells and mast cell-nerve interactions in oral lichen planus. Oral Diseases 3:71\u201376.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00015.x"},{"key":"ZHAO-ETAL-1998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao ZZ, Savage NW, Walsh LJ (1998). Associations between mast cells and laminin in oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 27:163\u2013167.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1998.tb01934.x"},{"key":"ZHAO-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.036004233.x"},{"key":"ZHAO-ETAL-2002A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2002.310306.x"},{"key":"ZHAO-ETAL-2002B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2002.310401.x"},{"key":"ZHOU-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou XJ, Savage NW, Walsh LJ, Aldred MJ, Seymour GJ (1996). TCR V\u03b2 gene expression in lesional T lymphocyte lines in oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2:292\u2013298.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00241.x"},{"key":"ZHOU-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.280203.x"},{"key":"ZHOU-ETAL-2002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0904-2512.2001.10063.x"},{"key":"ZOCHODNE-ETAL-1994","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zochodne DW, Nguyen C, Sharkey KA (1994). Accumulation and degranulation of mast cells in experimental neuromas. Neurosci Lett 182:10\u201320.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90191-0"}],"container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oral Biology &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/154411130301400304","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/154411130301400304","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/154411130301400304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T13:21:42Z","timestamp":1727616102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/154411130301400304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/154411130301400304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/154411130301400304","relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-4411","1544-1113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-4411","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-1113","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}}}