{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:31:29Z","timestamp":1790872289380,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]],"date-time":"2007-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1179705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE), caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is common in AIDS patients. TE can result in tissue destruction via massive inflammation and brain abscess formation. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were performed in AIDS patients to assess which drug regimen was optimally effective for the treatment of TE. AIDS patients with TE were randomly divided into 3 groups that received a 6-week course of either pyrimethamine (50 mg\/ day or 100 mg\/day) plus sulfadiazine (4 g\/day) and folinic acid (25 mg\/day) or trimethoprim (10 mg\/kg\/day) plus sulfamethoxazole (50 mg\/kg\/day) (TMP-SMX), and results were evaluated with respect to clinical response, mortality, morbidity, and serious adverse events. The primary outcome was defined as death in the first 6-week period. The secondary outcome was successful treatment within 6 weeks without severe adverse events, bone marrow suppression, drug-induced rash, or any other event that caused a change in the treatment regimen. Results: The results from this study showed that in AIDS patients, TE was most successfully treated with the combination of pyrimethamine (50 mg\/day) plus sulfadiazidine (4 g\/day) and folinic acid (25 mg\/day); failure rates were not significantly different among the 3 treatment groups. Conclusions: Available data suggest that of the currently available options, treatment of TE with pyrimethamine at 50 mg\/day plus sulfadiazidine at 4 g\/day provides the best primary outcome for AIDS patients with TE; however, because this study was terminated prematurely, we suggest that treatment with intravenous TMP-SMX be further evaluated to determine its efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109707301244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]],"date-time":"2007-06-20T20:20:48Z","timestamp":1182370848000},"page":"11-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Randomized Controlled Trial of Pyrimethamine Plus Sulfadiazine Versus Trimethoprim Plus Sulfamethoxazole for Treatment of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in AIDS Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Subsai","family":"Kongsaengdao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Department of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanoksri","family":"Samintarapanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Lumpang Hospital, Lumpang"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanokporn","family":"Oranratnachai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wantana","family":"Prapakarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chatchawann","family":"Apichartpiyakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291403"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00879.x"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212033272306"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.051081"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424877"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-1-33"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.2.268"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.6.1346"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339551"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01964461"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"51","volume":"94","author":"Francis P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"S Afr Med J."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01964459"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"17","volume":"16","author":"Toemthong R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull Neurol Soc Thail."}],"container-title":["Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1545109707301244","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1545109707301244","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:51:36Z","timestamp":1777503096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1545109707301244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1545109707301244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545109707301244","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]]}}}