{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:22:30Z","timestamp":1791264150235,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]],"date-time":"2010-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Six months after a stroke, the hemiplegic arm often remains compromised. More innovative approaches to motor rehabilitation are needed. Objective. The authors compared a motor learning\u2014based approach in a virtual environment with more conventional upper extremity therapy in a pilot trial. Methods . This prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial compared reinforced feedback in a virtual environment (RFVE; n = 27) with a control intervention (n = 20) of progressive therapy for the affected upper extremity. Both treatments were provided for 4 weeks, 5 days per week, with 1-hour treatment sessions daily. The primary outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (F-M UE) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores. Kinematic outcomes included mean duration (MD), mean linear velocity (MLV), and number of submovements to measure the motor performance. Analyses of the primary outcomes were performed per protocol and by intention to treat. Results. F-M UE scores improved significantly in the RFVE group compared with the conventional therapy group (\u201cintention to treat\u201d = 5.10 points, P = .004; ANCOVA = 4.26 points, P &lt; .01). Several of the kinematic parameters improved in the RFVE group (MD, P &lt; .01; MLV, P &lt; .01). FIM improvements did not differ. Conclusions . Both rehabilitation therapies improved arm motor performance and functional activity, but the RFVE therapy induced more robust results in patients exposed to late rehabilitation treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310362672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]],"date-time":"2010-06-25T16:38:39Z","timestamp":1277483919000},"page":"501-508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Motor Learning Principles for Rehabilitation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study in Poststroke Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lamberto","family":"Piron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venezia, Venezia, Italy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Turolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venezia, Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venezia, Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Silvana","family":"Zucconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venezia, Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of the Study of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venezia, Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venezia, Venezia, Italy, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Study of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Disability, including prevention, management and rehabilitation. http:\/\/www.who.int\/nmh\/a5817\/en\/. Accessed January 29, 2010."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.05.031"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307305302"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000087172.16305.CD"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308326635"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr843oa"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000200544.29915.cc"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.12.031","volume":"85","author":"Page SJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/14826"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/71.2.140"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222899709600829"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474605775196580"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1402-52"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154596802401105171"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Holden MK, Todorov E. Use of virtual environments in motor learning and rehabilitation. In: Stanney KM, ed. Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2002 :999-1026."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X98001745"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Keiith R., Granger C., Hamilton B., Sherwin G. The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation . In: Eisenburg MG, Grzesiak RC, eds. Advances in Clinical Rehabilitation . 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