{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:10:21Z","timestamp":1790410221453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,11]],"date-time":"2010-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1273536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background. Spinal cord injury causes muscle wasting and loss of function, which are especially severe after complete and permanent damage to lower motor neurons. In a previous cross-sectional study, long-standing denervated muscles were rescued by home-based functional electrical stimulation (h-bFES) training. Objective. To confirm results by a 2-year longitudinal prospective study of 25 patients with complete conus\/cauda equina lesions. Methods. Denervated leg muscles were stimulated by h-bFES using a custom-designed stimulator and large surface electrodes. Muscle mass, force, and structure were determined before and after 2 years of h-bFES using computed tomography, measurements of knee torque during stimulation, and muscle biopsies analyzed by histology and electron microscopy. Results. Twenty of 25 patients completed the 2-year h-bFES program, which resulted in ( a) a 35% cross-sectional increase in area of the quadriceps muscle from 28.2 \u00b1 8.1 to 38.1 \u00b1 12.7 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ( P &lt; .001), a 75% increase in mean diameter of muscle fibers from 16.6 \u00b1 14.3 to 29.1 \u00b1 23.3 \u03bcm ( P &lt; .001), and improvements of the ultrastructural organization of contractile material; and ( b) a 1187% increase in force output during electrical stimulation from 0.8 \u00b1 1.3 to 10.3 \u00b1 8.1 N m ( P &lt; .001). The recovery of quadriceps force was sufficient to allow 25% of the subjects to perform FES-assisted stand-up exercises. Conclusions. Home-based FES of denervated muscle is an effective home therapy that results in rescue of muscle mass and tetanic contractility. Important immediate benefits for the patients are the improved cosmetic appearance of lower extremities and the enhanced cushioning effect for seating.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310366129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,11]],"date-time":"2010-05-11T22:13:40Z","timestamp":1273616020000},"page":"709-721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation Rescues Permanently Denervated Muscles in Paraplegic Patients With Complete Lower Motor Neuron Lesion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Helmut","family":"Kern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrostimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Biral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrostimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Forstner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrostimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"M\u00f6dlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrostimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vogelauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrostimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Pond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Boncompagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University G d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Paolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University G d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feliciano","family":"Protasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University G d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Zampieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Padova, Italy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hnik P., Skorpiland V., Vyklicky L. Diagnosis and therapy of denervation muscle atrophy. In: Gutmann E, ed. The Denervated Muscle. Prague, Czech Republic: Publishing House of Czechoslovak Academy of Science; 1962:433-466.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4854-0_11"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.17.2.327"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1974.tb20503.x","volume":"228","author":"Engel AG","year":"1974","journal-title":"A quantitative ultrastructural study. Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102131"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Engel AG, Banker BQT Ultrastructural changes in diseased muscle. In: Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong, C, eds. Myology. Vol. 1. 3rd ed. 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