{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:53:27Z","timestamp":1787612007312,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]],"date-time":"2013-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Brain lesions may disturb binocular fusion and stereopsis, leading to blurred vision, diplopia, and reduced binocular depth perception for which no evaluated treatment is currently available.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The study evaluated the effects of a novel binocular vision treatment designed to improve convergent fusional amplitude and stereoacuity in patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Patients (20 in all: 11 with stroke, 9 with TBI) were tested in fusional convergence, stereoacuity, near\/far visual acuity, accommodation, and subjective binocular reading time until diplopia emerged at 6 different time points. All participants were treated in a single subject baseline design, with 3 baseline assessments before treatment (pretherapy), an assessment immediately after a 6-week treatment period (posttherapy), and 2 follow-up tests 3 and 6 months after treatment. Patients received a novel fusion and dichoptic training using 3 different devices to slowly increase fusional and disparity angles.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . At pretherapy, the stroke and TBI groups showed severe impairments in convergent fusional range, stereoacuity, subjective reading duration, and partially in accommodation (only TBI group). After treatment, both groups showed considerable improvements in all these variables as well as slightly increased near visual acuity. No significant changes were observed during the pretherapy and follow-up periods, ruling out spontaneous recovery and demonstrating long-term stability of binocular treatment effects.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This proof-of-principle study indicates a substantial treatment-induced plasticity of the lesioned brain in the relearning of binocular fusion and stereovision, thus providing new, effective rehabilitation strategies to treat binocular vision deficits resulting from permanent visual cortical damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313516870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]],"date-time":"2013-12-27T22:02:45Z","timestamp":1388181765000},"page":"462-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Perceptual Relearning of Binocular Fusion and Stereoacuity After Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Anna-Katharina","family":"Schaadt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarbuecken, Germany"},{"name":"International Research Training Group 1457 \u201cAdaptive Minds,\u201d Saarbruecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarbuecken, Germany"},{"name":"International Research Training Group 1457 \u201cAdaptive Minds,\u201d Saarbruecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Reinhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarbuecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarbuecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Garbacenkaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarbuecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarbuecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarbuecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Kerkhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University, Saarbuecken, Germany"},{"name":"International Research Training Group 1457 \u201cAdaptive Minds,\u201d Saarbruecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90134-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(78)90068-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(88)90111-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.3.1323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/101.4.569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.20.11.1084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000148244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/14.6.537"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"704","article-title":"Disturbances of fusion following head injury","volume":"62","author":"Hart C","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hart C. 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