{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:27:15Z","timestamp":1791563235593,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Tinnitus is a common untreatable condition that originates from central maladaptive plasticity initiated by peripheral injury. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), direct cochlear low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and acupuncture were tried for tinnitus treatment, but the results of these methods were clinically unsatisfactory. Objective. This study aimed to test the combined effect of the 3 methods targeting both peripheral and central auditory areas as a new therapeutic strategy for tinnitus. Methods. For this, 30 patients were randomized to 3 equal groups receiving 3 different interventions: inhibitory rTMS to the left auditory cortex, LLLT (which includes a combination of direct cochlear LLLT and laser acupuncture) to the affected ear(s), and finally, a combination of rTMS and LLLT. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were assessed before, immediately after, and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after 10 consecutive every-other-day sessions for each intervention type. Results. We found that combined stimulation was effective in tinnitus treatment. This effect remained for 4 weeks after the end of the treatment. However, each of rTMS and LLLT alone had no significant effect. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of Time and Time \u00d7 Intervention interaction for THI and VAS scores. The post hoc t test for different time points per intervention revealed a significant difference between baseline and all postintervention measurements of both THI and VAS for the combination intervention. Conclusion. Combined central rTMS and peripheral LLLT is more beneficial as a new method for management of tinnitus rather than these two used separately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314542616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]],"date-time":"2014-07-16T21:09:57Z","timestamp":1405544997000},"page":"224-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Combined Central and Peripheral Stimulation for Treatment of Chronic Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mohamed N.","family":"Thabit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naglaa","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sohag General Hospital, Sohag, 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