{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:59:28Z","timestamp":1777942768181,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The pathophysiology of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD), like other focal dystonias, is largely unknown.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The purposes of this study were to determine (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) cortical excitability differences between AdSD, muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), and healthy controls; (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) distribution of potential differences in cranial or skeletal muscle; and (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">c<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) if cortical excitability measures assist in the differential diagnosis of AdSD and MTD.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Ten participants with adductor spasmodic dysphonia, 8 with muscle tension dysphonia, and 10 healthy controls received single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the primary motor cortex contralateral to tested muscles, first dorsal interosseus (FDI), and masseter. We tested the hypothesis that cortical excitability measures in AdSD would be significantly different from those in MTD and healthy controls. In addition, we hypothesized that there would be a correlation between cortical excitability measures and clinical voice severity in AdSD.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Cortical silent period duration in masseter and FDI was significantly shorter in AdSD than MTD and healthy controls. Other measures failed to demonstrate differences.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . There are differences in cortical excitability between AdSD, MTD, and healthy controls. These differences in the cortical measure of both the FDI and masseter muscles in AdSD suggest widespread dysfunction of the GABA\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    mechanism may be a pathophysiologic feature of AdSD, similar to other forms of focal dystonia. Further exploration of the use of TMS to assist in the differential diagnosis of AdSD and MTD is warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315591705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T22:09:56Z","timestamp":1434665396000},"page":"221-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cortical Silent Period Reveals Differences Between Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia and Muscle Tension Dysphonia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sharyl","family":"Samargia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa Jacobson","family":"Kimberley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2758-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000098341"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(00)80008-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.05.624"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20160"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22814"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21508"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1572-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20367"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.5.1371"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.9.1671"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.5.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2009-0461"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130123"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200007000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evidence of widespread impairment of motor cortical inhibition in focal dystonia: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study in patients with blepharospasm and cervical dystonia","volume":"94","author":"Cakmur R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cakmur R, Donmez B, Uzunel F, Aydin H, Kesken S. 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