{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:54:45Z","timestamp":1791928485963,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Novel molecular, cellular, and pharmacological therapies to stimulate repair of sensorimotor circuits after stroke are entering clinical trials. Compared with acute neuroprotection and thrombolysis studies, clinical trials for repair in subacute and chronic hemiplegic participants have a different time course for delivery of an intervention, different mechanisms of action within the milieu of the injury, distinct relationships to the amount of physical activity and skills practice of participants, and need to include more refined outcome measures. This review examines the biological interaction of targeted rehabilitation with neural repair strategies to optimize outcomes. We suggest practical guidelines for the incorporation of inexpensive skills training and exercise at home. In addition, we describe some novel outcome measurement tools, including wearable sensors, to obtain the more detailed outcomes that may identify at least some minimal level of success from cellular and regeneration interventions. Thus, proceeding in the shadow of acute stroke trial designs may unnecessarily limit the mechanisms of action of new repair strategies, reduce their impact on participants, and risk missing important behavioral outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315604400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T21:49:35Z","timestamp":1441921775000},"page":"470-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["The Specific Requirements of Neural Repair Trials for Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Bruce H.","family":"Dobkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Thomas","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0211-95"},{"key":"bibr2-1545968315604400","unstructured":"SanBio announces the first public presentation of data from its on-going human clinical trial of cell therapy for chronic stroke disability. http:\/\/www.firstwordpharma.com\/node\/1188336#axzz3YWUZHFBZ.2015. Accessed April 25, 2015."},{"key":"bibr3-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309347685"},{"key":"bibr4-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X663532"},{"key":"bibr5-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.313.5784.160"},{"key":"bibr6-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70089-5"},{"key":"bibr7-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80567-2"},{"key":"bibr8-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80568-0"},{"key":"bibr9-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000195180.69904.f2"},{"key":"bibr10-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307305302"},{"key":"bibr11-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314562115"},{"key":"bibr12-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24472."},{"key":"bibr13-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001920.pub3"},{"key":"bibr14-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308328727"},{"key":"bibr15-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.03.026"},{"key":"bibr16-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911341"},{"key":"bibr17-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.17.2095"},{"key":"bibr18-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010790"},{"key":"bibr19-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70314-8"},{"key":"bibr20-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3834-03.2004"},{"key":"bibr21-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5780-10.2011"},{"key":"bibr22-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312440745"},{"key":"bibr23-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70039-X"},{"key":"bibr24-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413491146"},{"key":"bibr25-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413514636"},{"key":"bibr26-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09511"},{"key":"bibr27-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.572073"},{"key":"bibr28-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00381"},{"key":"bibr29-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204386109"},{"key":"bibr30-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt073"},{"key":"bibr31-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.641878"},{"key":"bibr32-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt278"},{"key":"bibr33-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59544-7.00003-2"},{"key":"bibr34-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.584"},{"key":"bibr35-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00515.2006"},{"key":"bibr36-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02239-4"},{"key":"bibr37-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10844"},{"key":"bibr38-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3817-13.2014"},{"key":"bibr39-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52901-5.00004-6"},{"key":"bibr40-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.01.020"},{"key":"bibr41-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht217"},{"key":"bibr42-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009421"},{"key":"bibr43-1545968315604400","volume-title":"Poster presented at: 34th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience","author":"Dong Y","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr44-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr077"},{"key":"bibr45-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000026"},{"key":"bibr46-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314550369"},{"key":"bibr47-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.04.0080"},{"key":"bibr48-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311425908"},{"key":"bibr49-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314521003"},{"key":"bibr50-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-013-0331-y"},{"key":"bibr51-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3315-13.2014"},{"key":"bibr52-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.526863"},{"key":"bibr53-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000260087.67462.80"},{"key":"bibr54-1545968315604400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314565466"}],"container-title":["Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1545968315604400","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1545968315604400","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1545968315604400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:06:22Z","timestamp":1777705582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1545968315604400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1545968315604400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968315604400","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-9683","1552-6844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-9683","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]}}}