{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:52:27Z","timestamp":1790736747107,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]],"date-time":"2016-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background and purpose.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study compared the effect of cyclic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), electromyographically (EMG)-triggered NMES, and sensory stimulation on motor impairment and activity limitations in patients with upper-limb hemiplegia.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This was a multicenter, single-blind, multiarm parallel-group study of nonhospitalized hemiplegic stroke survivors within 6 months of stroke. A total of 122 individuals were randomized to receive either cyclic NMES, EMG-triggered NMES, or sensory stimulation twice every weekday in 40-minute sessions, over an 8 week-period. Patients were followed for 6 months after treatment concluded.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    There were significant increases in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1, 111) = 92.6,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001], FMA Wrist and Hand [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1, 111) = 66.7,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001], and modified Arm Motor Ability Test [mAMAT; time effect:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1, 111) = 91.0,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001] for all 3 groups. There was no significant difference in the improvement among groups in the FMA [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2, 384) = 0.2,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .83], FMA Wrist and Hand [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2, 384) = 0.4,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .70], or the mAMAT [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2, 379) = 1.2,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .31].\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    All groups exhibited significant improvement of impairment and functional limitation with electrical stimulation therapy applied within 6 months of stroke. Improvements were likely a result of spontaneous recovery. There was no difference based on the type of electrical stimulation that was administered.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316650278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T20:38:23Z","timestamp":1464208703000},"page":"978-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Upper-Limb Recovery After Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Delahanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA"},{"name":"Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayme S.","family":"Knutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas D.","family":"Gunzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne R.","family":"Sheffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr504oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90293-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.860472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.574160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.6.1360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.5.975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.7.1384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90074-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000016926.77114.A6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90107-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr543oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309349946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e328360e541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508088984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/5\/056022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313505913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90427-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200301000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2004-00282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000238594.91938.1e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000087172.16305.CD"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.6.1181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.8.1084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-923533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200301000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5269.1791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00003-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"i","article-title":"Neurobiological basis of motor learning in mammals","volume":"8","author":"Asanuma H","year":"1997","unstructured":"Asanuma H, Pavlides C. Neurobiological basis of motor learning in mammals. Neuroreport. 1997;8:i-vi.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1405-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-2153-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0364-z"}],"container-title":["Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1545968316650278","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1545968316650278","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1545968316650278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:06:37Z","timestamp":1777705597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1545968316650278"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing EMG-Triggered, Cyclic, and Sensory Electrical Stimulation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1545968316650278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968316650278","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-9683","1552-6844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-9683","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]]}}}