{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:59:52Z","timestamp":1777942792714,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006937","name":"National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01NS056256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NS056256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01NS056256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NS056256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Stroke patients with mild-moderate upper extremity motor impairments and minimal sensory and cognitive deficits provide a useful model to study recovery and improve rehabilitation. Laboratory-based investigators use lesioning techniques for similar goals.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To determine whether stroke lesions in an upper extremity rehabilitation trial cohort match lesions from the preclinical stroke recovery models used to drive translational research.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Clinical neuroimages from 297 participants enrolled in the Interdisciplinary Comprehensive Arm Rehabilitation Evaluation (ICARE) study were reviewed. Images were characterized based on lesion type (ischemic or hemorrhagic), volume, vascular territory, depth (cortical gray matter, cortical white matter, subcortical), old strokes, and leukoaraiosis. Lesions were compared with those of preclinical stroke models commonly used to study upper limb recovery.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Among the ischemic stroke participants, median infarct volume was 1.8 mL, with most lesions confined to subcortical structures (61%) including the anterior choroidal artery territory (30%) and the pons (23%). Of ICARE participants, &lt;1% had lesions resembling proximal middle cerebral artery or surface vessel occlusion models. Preclinical models of subcortical white matter injury best resembled the ICARE population (33%). Intracranial hemorrhage participants had small (median 12.5 mL) lesions that best matched the capsular hematoma preclinical model.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    . ICARE subjects are not representative of all stroke patients, but they represent a clinically and scientifically important subgroup. Compared with lesions in general stroke populations and widely studied animal models of recovery, ICARE participants had smaller, more subcortically based strokes. Improved preclinical-clinical translational efforts may require better alignment of lesions between preclinical and human stroke recovery models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316688799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T01:09:19Z","timestamp":1487812159000},"page":"509-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Stroke Lesions in a Large Upper Limb Rehabilitation Trial Cohort Rarely Match Lesions in Common Preclinical Models"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Edwardson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ximing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christianne J.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caron","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica A.","family":"Nelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"VA Center on Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolee J.","family":"Winstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Dromerick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70314-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.17.2095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ab2b27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.622159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.495069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000119754.85848.0D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.572073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307308551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05591.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00547.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000130866.25040.7D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000131270.45822.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.120097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03697.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.11.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.541128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.9.1083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001119."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00646.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"1581","article-title":"The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group","volume":"333","author":"Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1581-1587.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/mr.2000.3837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315613851."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307305302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315624784."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2015.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.646570"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Lesion Analysis in Neuropsychology","author":"Damasio H","unstructured":"Damasio H, Damasio AR. Lesion Analysis in Neuropsychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1989:213-220."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Dromerick AW Morris LB. Acute ischemic stroke lesions in humans: how do they compare to animal models used to study stroke recovery? [abstract]. Program No. 358.2. 2005 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Washington DC: Society for Neuroscience 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000333602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.6.1318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00243-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.5.1144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001796"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/53281."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.12.1951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968306290773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2006.08.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.06.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.75.5.2144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.7.1371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000151641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.556324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93206-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.15.2.249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00953.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.02.323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000239696.61545.4b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2006.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.513358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2006.00061.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00434-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.090504197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00820.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3489-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-14-06062.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.676940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60690-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312440745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-016-0199-5"}],"container-title":["Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1545968316688799","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1545968316688799","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1545968316688799","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:06:52Z","timestamp":1777705612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1545968316688799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1545968316688799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968316688799","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-9683","1552-6844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-9683","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]}}}