{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:00:39Z","timestamp":1787500839727,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Contradictory results have been reported for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as treatment for tinnitus. The recently developed high-definition tDCS (HD tDCS) uses smaller electrodes to limit the excitation to the desired brain areas. Objective. The current study consisted of a retrospective part and a prospective part, aiming to compare 2 tDCS electrode placements and to explore effects of HD tDCS by matched pairs analyses. Methods. Two groups of 39 patients received tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or tDCS of the right supraorbital\u2013left temporal area (RSO-LTA). Therapeutic effects were assessed with the tinnitus functional index (TFI), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for tinnitus loudness, and the hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ) filled out at 3 visits: pretherapy, posttherapy, and follow-up. With a new group of patients and in a similar way, the effects of HD tDCS of the right DLPFC were assessed, with the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) added. Results. TFI total scores improved significantly after both tDCS and HD tDCS (DLPFC: P &lt; .01; RSO-LTA: P &lt; .01; HD tDCS: P = .05). In 32% of the patients, we observed a clinically significant improvement in TFI. The 2 tDCS groups and the HD tDCS group showed no differences on the evolution of outcomes over time (TFI: P = .16; HQ: P = .85; VAS: P = .20). Conclusions. TDCS and HD tDCS resulted in a clinically significant improvement in TFI in 32% of the patients, with the 3 stimulation positions having similar results. Future research should focus on long-term effects of electrical stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318787916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T14:38:09Z","timestamp":1531924689000},"page":"714-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Effects of Electrical Stimulation in Tinnitus Patients: Conventional Versus High-Definition tDCS"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Laure","family":"Jacquemin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giriraj Singh","family":"Shekhawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New 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Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Van Rompaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedat","family":"Topsakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Moyaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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