{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:44:32Z","timestamp":1792669472112,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008250","name":"Feinberg School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32EB009406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32EB009406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14PRE20240022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14PRE20240022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007059","name":"Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Terminal year fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Terminal year fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HD084009-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD084009-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Poststroke deficits in upper extremity function occur during activities of daily living due to motor impairments of the paretic arm, including weakness and abnormal synergies, both of which result in altered use of the paretic arm. Over time, chronic disuse and a resultant flexed elbow posture may result in secondary changes in the musculoskeletal system that may limit use of the arm and impact functional mobility. This study utilized extended field-of-view ultrasound to measure fascicle lengths of the biceps (long head) and triceps (distal portion of the lateral head) brachii in order to investigate secondary alterations in muscles of the paretic elbow. Data were collected from both arms in 11 individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke, with moderate to severe impairment as classified by the Fugl-Meyer assessment score. Across all participants, significantly shorter fascicles were observed in both biceps and triceps brachii (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0005) in the paretic limb under passive conditions. The shortening in paretic fascicle length relative to the nonparetic arm measured under passive conditions remained observable during active muscle contraction for the biceps but not for the triceps brachii. Finally, average fascicle length differences between arms were significantly correlated to impairment level, with more severely impaired participants showing greater shortening of paretic biceps fascicle length relative to changes seen in the triceps across all elbow positions (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.82,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .002). Characterization of this secondary adaptation is necessary to facilitate development of interventions designed to reduce or prevent the shortening from occurring in the acute stages of recovery poststroke.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318792618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T09:22:32Z","timestamp":1535016152000},"page":"799-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Motor Impairment\u2013Related Alterations in Biceps and Triceps Brachii Fascicle Lengths in Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4811-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christa M.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"},{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius P. A.","family":"Dewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000152."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.06.008."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.475483."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases","author":"Blumenfeld H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blumenfeld H. Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases. 2nd ed. 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