{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:47:14Z","timestamp":1780454834250,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"internal grant of the KU Leuven","award":["STG\/14\/054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STG\/14\/054"]}]},{"name":"FRNS-FRIA","award":["F 3\/5\/5- MCF\/ROI\/BC-19727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F 3\/5\/5- MCF\/ROI\/BC-19727"]}]},{"name":"FRNS-FRIA","award":["F 3\/5\/5- MCF\/XH\/FC-17514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F 3\/5\/5- MCF\/XH\/FC-17514"]}]},{"name":"Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Mdicale","award":["3.4.525.08.F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.4.525.08.F"]}]},{"name":"Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique FNRS","award":["1.R.506.16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1.R.506.16"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Mont-Godinne"},{"name":"Fondation Van Goethem-Brichant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1519916N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1519916N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fonds Spcial de Recherche (FSR) from the Universit catholique de Louvain"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested to improve poststroke recovery. However, its effects on bimanual motor learning after stroke have not previously been explored.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We investigated whether dual-tDCS of the primary motor cortex (M1), with cathodal and anodal tDCS applied over undamaged and damaged hemispheres, respectively, improves learning and retention of a new bimanual cooperative motor skill in stroke patients.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Method<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Twenty-one chronic hemiparetic patients were recruited for a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over, sham-controlled trial. While receiving real or sham dual-tDCS, they trained on a bimanual cooperative task called CIRCUIT. Changes in performance were quantified via bimanual speed\/accuracy trade-off (Bi-SAT) and bimanual coordination factor (Bi-Co) before, during, and 0, 30, and 60 minutes after dual-tDCS, as well as one week later to measure retention. A generalization test then followed, where patients were asked to complete a new CIRCUIT layout.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The patients were able to learn and retain the bimanual cooperative skill. However, a general linear mixed model did not detect a significant difference in retention between the real and sham dual-tDCS conditions for either Bi-SAT or Bi-Co. Similarly, no difference in generalization was detected for Bi-SAT or Bi-Co.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The chronic hemiparetic stroke patients learned and retained the complex bimanual cooperative task and generalized the newly acquired skills to other tasks, indicating that bimanual CIRCUIT training is promising as a neurorehabilitation approach. However, bimanual motor skill learning was not enhanced by dual-tDCS in these patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319847963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T07:15:26Z","timestamp":1557904526000},"page":"486-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Learning a Bimanual Cooperative Skill in Chronic Stroke Under Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Maral Yeganeh","family":"Doost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), CHU UCL Namur (Mont-Godinne), Yvoir, Belgium"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), NEUR division, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Orban de Xivry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (iMMC), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9na","family":"Vanthournhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (iMMC), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Riga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), CHU UCL Namur (Mont-Godinne), Yvoir, Belgium"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), NEUR division, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Bihin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), CHU UCL Namur (Mont-Godinne), Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Jamart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de 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