{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:16:54Z","timestamp":1789143414136,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11732015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11732015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31771071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61761166007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61761166007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81672249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81672249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["118009001000160001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["118009001000160001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurorehabil Neural Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The cortical plastic changes in response to median nerve electrical stimulation (MNES) in stroke patients have not been entirely illustrated.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study aimed to investigate MNES-related changes in effective connectivity (EC) within a cortical network after stroke by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The cerebral oxygenation signals in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC\/RPFC), motor cortex (LMC\/RMC), and occipital lobe (LOL\/ROL) of 20 stroke patients with right hemiplegia were measured by fNIRS in 2 conditions: (1) resting state and (2) MNES applied to the right wrist. Coupling function together with dynamical Bayesian inference was used to assess MNES-related changes in EC among the cerebral low-frequency fluctuations.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Compared with the resting state, EC from LPFC and RPFC to LOL was significantly increased during the MNES state in stroke patients. Additionally, MNES triggered significantly higher coupling strengths from LMC and LOL to RPFC. The interregional main coupling direction was observed from LPFC to bilateral motor and occipital areas in responding to MNES, suggesting that MNES could promote the regulation function of ipsilesional prefrontal areas in the functional network. MNES can induce muscle twitch of the stroke-affected hand involving a decreased neural coupling of the contralesional motor area on the ipsilesional MC.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    MNES can trigger sensorimotor stimulations of the affected hand that sequentially involved functional reorganization of distant cortical areas after stroke. Investigating MNES-related changes in EC after stroke may help further our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying MNES.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319875952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T02:59:59Z","timestamp":1569380399000},"page":"1008-1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Median Nerve Electrical Stimulation\u2013Induced Changes in Effective Connectivity in Patients With Stroke as Assessed With Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3198-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congcong","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"},{"name":"National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanlin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouwei","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2011-0611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309349946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr033","article-title":"Reorganization of cerebral networks after stroke: new insights from neuroimaging with connectivity approaches","volume":"134","author":"Christian G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christian G, Fink GR. 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